319 
Newstead and Willcocks (loc. cit.), Robinson (Phil. Jn. Sci., 
XII D, p. 8), and Ferris (Coccidae of Lower California, Stan- 
ford U. Pubs. Biol. Ser., I, 2, p. 83) have all described or 
figured structural details of this species. The account of the 
first-mentioned authors is particularly full and complete. In 
this account the authors make the statement: “Small parasitic 
Hymenoptera belonging to the family Chalcididae appear to play 
a very important role in the natural control of this pest. Three 
members of this family have been reared from the mealy-bug.”’ 
This parasitism of the species in Africa by Chalcids has been 
confirmed by E. W. Rust, field entomologist of the California 
State Department of Agriculture, who reared parasites from it 
in South Africa. The presence of parasites of this species on 
the African continent and their absence elsewhere leads me to 
believe that the species is indigenous to that continent. The 
introduction of these parasites at Hawaii would be a valuable 
service, and if their establishment could be secured, they would 
undoubtedly help materially in the control of P. filamentosus, 
which now rests entirely on the work of the polyphagous 
predators, Cryptolaemus montrouziert, Scymnus bipunctatus, and 
Gitonides perspicax. 
Morrison (loc. cit.) also figures the leg, antennae, and cer- 
tain morphological features of this species, and the present 
author in Bul. 18, Hawaii Experiment Station, illustrates its 
appearance in nature. 
Pseudococeus kraunhiae Kuwana. 
The distinction between Pseudococcus kraunhiae and Pseudo- 
coccus citri is made on the basis of very slight differences. 
Ferris, however, believes the species can be discriminated in 
California, and the morphological characteristics of the Hawaiian 
form, as judged by his standards, point to its identity with the 
former species rather than the latter. Timberlake brings addi- 
tional evidence to bear on the question by claiming a biological 
dissimilarity between the Hawaiian mealy-bug and what passes 
for citrt in California. He says: “Whatever species ours is, it 
it constantly parasitized by the encyrtid Pauridia peregrina, 
while the species in California which goes under the name of 
citri is apparently not receptive to this parasite.’ Possibly both 
species are present in Hawaii as well, but this contingency has 
