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  singly, 
  but 
  protected 
  by 
  a 
  web, 
  tho 
  not 
  always. 
  Finally, 
  when 
  

   about 
  full 
  grown, 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  without 
  the 
  protecting 
  web; 
  

   and 
  they 
  ate 
  the 
  leaf 
  entirely, 
  making 
  ragged 
  holes, 
  not 
  leaving 
  

   the 
  lower 
  epidermis. 
  

  

  The 
  ground 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  a 
  larva 
  12 
  mm. 
  

   long 
  is 
  black, 
  with 
  fine 
  longitudinal, 
  crinkly, 
  much 
  interrupted 
  

   lines 
  of 
  yellowish; 
  there 
  are 
  three 
  nearly 
  complete 
  yellow 
  lines 
  

   on 
  dorsal 
  side, 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  forking 
  on 
  the 
  head; 
  a 
  broad 
  

   yellowish 
  line 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  spiracles 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  

   of 
  white 
  dots 
  on 
  each 
  side, 
  one 
  dot 
  behind 
  and 
  a 
  little 
  above 
  each 
  

   abdominal 
  spiracle; 
  under 
  side 
  paler 
  than 
  upper. 
  

  

  A 
  larva 
  somewhat 
  larger 
  had 
  the 
  same 
  markings 
  except 
  that 
  

   the 
  yellowish 
  lines 
  have 
  become 
  greenish. 
  As 
  they 
  become 
  older 
  

   there 
  is 
  quite 
  a 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  degree 
  of 
  coloration, 
  often 
  the 
  

   green 
  predominates, 
  and 
  an 
  occasional 
  specimen 
  is 
  almost 
  

   entirely 
  black, 
  but 
  all 
  have 
  a 
  black 
  line 
  on 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  

   spiracles; 
  the 
  mid-dorsal 
  pale 
  line 
  is 
  nearly 
  obliterated; 
  spiracles 
  

   are 
  brownish, 
  with 
  black 
  borders. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  were 
  coUected 
  to 
  rear 
  to 
  maturity, 
  which 
  determined 
  the 
  

   species. 
  

  

  On 
  Dec. 
  30, 
  1905, 
  a 
  cluster 
  of 
  eggs 
  was 
  found 
  on 
  Euxolus 
  sp. 
  

   (one 
  of 
  the 
  Amarantaceae) 
  in 
  a 
  weed 
  patch 
  in 
  Honolulu. 
  These 
  

   eggs 
  hatched 
  Jan. 
  1, 
  1906, 
  and 
  were 
  fed 
  until 
  full 
  grown 
  upon 
  

   leaves 
  of 
  Euxolus. 
  Four 
  larva 
  were 
  full 
  grown 
  and 
  ready 
  to 
  

   pupate, 
  in 
  sixteen 
  days; 
  length 
  25 
  mm. 
  They 
  entered 
  the 
  

   ground 
  to 
  pupate. 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  12 
  mm. 
  long; 
  medium 
  brown, 
  with 
  some 
  

   greenish 
  on 
  wing 
  and 
  leg-cases; 
  smooth, 
  except 
  a 
  punctate 
  

   band 
  on 
  anterior 
  margin 
  of 
  segments 
  4, 
  5, 
  6, 
  7 
  of 
  abdomen; 
  

   abdominal 
  spiracles 
  black, 
  very 
  slightly 
  raised; 
  cremaster 
  two 
  

   sharp-pointed 
  spines. 
  

  

  The 
  pupal 
  period 
  was 
  twelve 
  to 
  seventeen 
  days. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  not 
  found 
  this 
  species 
  feeding 
  on 
  any 
  other 
  plant 
  than 
  

   Ricinus, 
  and 
  Euxolus; 
  but 
  Meyrick 
  gives 
  Plantago 
  as 
  its 
  food 
  

   plant; 
  and 
  in 
  Western 
  United 
  States 
  it 
  is 
  considered 
  a 
  pest 
  on 
  

   the 
  sugar 
  beet, 
  tho 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  a 
  general 
  feeder, 
  having 
  been 
  

   reported 
  on 
  table 
  beets, 
  lambsquarters, 
  pigweed, 
  saltbush, 
  

   Russian 
  thistle 
  (all 
  closely 
  related 
  plants) 
  and 
  when 
  numerous 
  

   feed 
  also 
  on 
  corn, 
  potato, 
  pea, 
  onion, 
  wild 
  sunflower, 
  leaves 
  of 
  

   apple, 
  mallow, 
  Nicotina 
  glauca, 
  Cleome, 
  and 
  wild 
  grasses. 
  

  

  