342 CORALS AND CORAL ISLANDS. 
and hving corals were the most remarkable seen by the author 
m the Pacific. 
North of the Feejees are numerous islands leading up to 
the Carolines. They are all of coral, excepting Rotuma, 
Horne and Wallis’s Islands, which are high, and have fringing 
or barrier reefs. The reefs of Wallis’s Island are very exten- 
sive. 
The Gilbert or Kingsmill Islands, the Marshall Islands, 
and the Carolines, about eighty in number, are all atolls, ex- 
cepting the three Carolines, Ponape (Pouynipete of Lutke), 
Kusaie (or Ualan), and Truk (or Hogoleu). Between Ponape 
and Ualan, the McAskill Islands, three in number, are of 
coral, but 60 to 100 feet high (Miss. Herald, 1856, p. 193). 
The westernmost of the Sandwich Islands, Kauai and 
Oahu, have fringing reefs, while eastern Maui and the island 
of Hawaii have but few traces of corals. On Hawaii, the 
only spot of reef seen by us, was a submerged patch off the 
southern cape of Hilo Bay. We have already attributed the. 
absence of corals to the volcanic character of the island. The 
small islands to the northwest of Kauai, are represented as 
coral reefs, excepting the rocks Necker and Bird Island; the 
line stretches on to 28° 30’ N., the northern limit of the coral 
seas.  Lisiansky’s Voyage, 1803-6, in the Neva, 4to., Lon- 
don, 1814, pp. 254, 256, contains an account of some of these 
islands; also the Hawaian Spectator, vol. i.; and also a Re- 
port to the U. S. Bureau of Navigation, December, 1867, by 
Capt. Wm. Reynolds, U. S. N., partially reproduced in the 
American Journal of Science for 1871, vol. ii., p. 380. 
The Ladrones, like the Hawaian Group, constitute a line 
or linear series of islands, one end of which has been long 
free from volcanic action, while the other has still its smok- 
ing cones. The appearances of recent igneous action increase 
