412 APPENDIX. 
the results of occasional eruptions during the growth of the reef, or of depo- 
sition from the streams of the valleys. 
The positions of the artesian wells are indicated on the map by small 
circles, and those referred to beyond have their names attached in small 
capitals. They are also numbered within the circles. (A magnifying-glass 
may be needed to read the names on the much-reduced map.) The records 
of the superintendent of the borings, Mr. J. A. McCandless, were received 
through Prof. W. D. Alexander, excepting that of the Atherton well, for which 
and for specimens of the materials of the successive beds, the author is indebted 
to Mr. W. C. Merritt, President of Oahu College. 
The wells are topographically of three groups. Seven of them (numbers 
1 to 7) are situated around the base of Punchbowl; four (8 to 11) southwest 
of the base of Rocky Hill; and four (12 to 15) northwest to southwest of 
Diamond Head, the last one at its base, and only a short distance from the 
seashore. In order to interpret the sections it should be noted that the preva- 
lent winds under whose action the tufa cones were made are the trades, or | 
from the northeast. The thickness of beds and depth are given in feet. To 
aid in the comparison of the results, the sections that are most similar are 
placed in parallel columns. 
1. ARTESIAN WELLS ABOUT THE BASE OF PUNCHBOWL 









GNos:/ 120: 7): 
1. Foster WELL, £. OF PUNCHBOWL. 2. PaLace WELL, s. or PUNCHBOWL. 
Thick- | 
et Depth. 
Soil 4 ft., black sand4 . 8 Soil 4, black sand 4 
Bowlders . . . A 6 14 Cora . A 72 
Lava ; cae 40 54 Lava. cae 78 
Clay 16, bowlders 12. . 28 82 WHITE CoRAL 138 
Clay 20, bowlders8 . . 28 110 
Claye ers *. se | 800 410 Clay . 378 
CORAL.) §. 40 450 CorAL 452 
Clay, gravel, ‘110; clay, 
bowlders, 180. . 290 | 740 Clay and gravel . 707 
Lava or bed-rock . . rat hoe Lava or bed-rock 762 


8. ATHERTON WELL, Ss. OF PUNCHBOWL. 



| | 
whi | pep 
Soil 6, black sand6 . . 12 Corat (clay 5 incl.) 
Cora (clay 5 incl. ) a oo || Lets) 190 Gravel and clay . 
uRediclayac) ue gaohs 10 200 CoraL Mei ae ts 565 
CorRaL . 30 230 Clay, sand, some coral, 
Brown clay (coral 6 5 incl. 60 290 gravel mAbs 595 
CORATAS ee 3 320 | Bed-rock or lava 655 
Browniclayaeem aces menes tS) 355 | 



