LIZZIA OCTOPUNCTATA. 65 
spring from each of the larger bulbs, and either two or three from the smaller, the number 
varying in different specimens. These tentacles when contracted are rather short in pro- 
portion to the body, colourless, and not usually very extensile, though Sars has observed them 
extended to a great length. The animal, when swimming, often turns them up and curls them. 
The sub-umbrella occupies not quite two thirds of the body; it is divided into four parts, by 
the four vessels running to join the marginal canal opposite the larger tentacular bulbs. Its 
upper part often appears as if truncated. The peduncle is short, thick, and four-lobed. It 
is marked with four patches of black pigment-cells. Between the lobes are seen, in the 
majority of specimens I have examined, four budding gemmules, one of which is invariably in 
a stage of advancement far beyond the others, and usually exhibits distinctly the black 
ocellated tentacular bulbs. The stomach occupies the lower part of the peduncle; it is 
narrower than the upper, and more extensile. It is colourless, and terminates in four ten- 
taculiform lips, each one bifurcating. 
In St. Magnus Bay I took specimens similar in every respect to those just described, 
except in being a little larger, having slightly smaller ocelli, and no buds on the peduncle. 
These may possibly have been males. I have never seen the process of gemmation in the 
females advanced beyond the stage noticed above. Sars, however, traced all its stages, and 
as his account is of great interest, and contained in a work probably accessible to very few of 
my readers, I extract it entire :— 
“T considered the short cylindrical knots or appendages on the stomach (which hangs 
free in the cavity of the campanulate disk) of the Acalephz, described by me under the name 
of Cyteis octopunctata, as very remarkable even at the moment of the discovery of the species. 
I could not at the time state their purport with certainty, but supposed that they had some 
connexion with the mode of procreation. 
“Tn the spring, 1836, I had an opportunity of observing a number of individuals of this 
species of Acalephe ; and I then discovered, to my astonishment, that the parts mentioned are 
nothing else than the young ones produced by gemmation,—a phenomenon hitherto unknown 
among the class of the Acalephe. I have briefly mentioned this interesting discovery in 
Wiegmann’s Archives for 1837, Part V, p. 406. 
“I observed in some individuals, which I examined on the 5th of May, that these knots 
are all placed in a horizontal position (viewing the animal erect or with the mouth downwards), 
at the sides of the square-formed stomach. They are usually four in number, and are seated 
opposite one another. There are likewise frequently seen an additional two or four much 
smaller ones, placed beneath the former number. They are, moreover, usually of uneven 
dimensions, the two seated opposite one another being larger than the other two, and one of 
the larger pair is larger than the other. In one of these individuals a knot was developed 
into a perfect young animal, with a bell-shaped, colourless, transparent disk, in the cavity of 
which the oblong, pear-shaped, brownish-gray stomach was quite distinct. At the margin of 
the disk there were eight brownish-black, marginal granules, and the marginal fibres that 
spring forth from them, of which I counted sixteen, as long as the disk. The marginal fibres 
moved and bent slowly, and the entire disk was contracted occasionally. The young one was 
attached by means of a very short and rather thick peduncle (which issued forth from the 
back or from the convex surface of the disk) to the stomach of the mother, whilst it otherwise 
projected with its entire body independently. The young one seated opposite it had probably 
9 
