56 iS. I. Smith — Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast. 



sand and mud, fine sand and red alore, stones and red alga:!, and rocks. 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence !, "• common everywhere in shallow Avater and 

 at low-water mark on most sandy beaches" (Whiteaves). Caribou 

 Island, Straits of Belle Isle (Packard). From the northern part of 

 the Norwegian coast (Sars) to the Baltic (Mobius), North Sea (Metz- 

 ger), British Islands! (Norman), and south to the north shores of the 

 Mediterranean (Heller, et al.). 



This species is found in greatest abundance in shallow water and on 

 sandy or weedy bottoms, but occurs also on muddy, shelly and rocky 

 bottoms, and extends at least to about 50 fathoms in depth.* It 

 varies very much in coloration according to the location in which it 

 is found. Upon the exposed and light-colored sandy shores of 

 southern New England, specimens are invariably translucent and 

 very pale in color so as to closely resemble the surface upon and 

 beneath which they live, while upon dark-colored muddy bottoms 

 they are very much darker in color. Specimens from a dark-colored 

 muddy inlet of Vineyard Sound and others from dark muddy and 

 sandy bottom at Halifax, Nova Scotia, are very dark indeed, the 

 pigment spots covering nearly the entire surface, and the caudal 

 appendages becoming almost black toward the tips. 



Crangon boreas J. C. Fabricius ex Phipps. 



Massachusetts Bay!, oif Salem, 22 flitlioms, gravelly bottom, 1877. 

 Stellwagen's Bank !, fifteen to seventeen miles south-southeast from 

 Cape Ann, 23 to 33 fathoms, gravel, stones and sponges, 1878,^ — com- 

 mon and of large size, one feiuale being 63'"™ in length. Casco Bay !, 

 from stomachs of codfish taken on West Cod Ledge, and a single 

 specimen dredged near the Ledge in 10 to 20 fathoms, rocky bottom, 

 1873. Bay of Fundy !, occasionally taken among rocks at low 

 water ! ; common in 5 to 25 fathoms, rocky, gravelly, and shelly bot- 

 toms ; and abundant at special localities in Johnson's and South 



* According to my own observations, this species is very rare at depths greater 

 than 45 fathoms and I have no positive evidence of its occurrence below 48 fathoms. 

 There is, however, in the collections made off Cape Ann, in ISTS, a single, small speci- 

 men, unquestionably of this species, which is labeled as having been dredged in 140 

 fathoms, soft mud, about forty miles east by south from Cape Ann. The specimen 

 was alone in a vial when received and there may have been some mistake in the label- 

 ing, or it may have been taken among floating sea-weeds. My statement (Invertebrate 

 animals of Vineyard Sound, Eeport of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 

 part i, p. 550 (256)) that this species "extends from low water to 60 or 70 fathoms," 

 was probably carelessly made from memory. Kingsley (Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Philadelphia, 1878, p. 89 (1)), states that it is "common in 70 fathoms," without, 

 however, giving any special locality or authority. 



