74 S. I. Smith — Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast. 



Ocean and Bering Straits (Stimpson). ? Sea of Ochotsk (Brandt) and 

 the island of Jesso (Stimpson) — H. Ochotensis. Spitzbergen (Kroyer). 

 Coast of Norway ! (G. O. Sars). 



The examination of a large series of specimens shows conclusively 

 that Kroyer's H. tiirgida is only the full-grown female of his Phippsii^ 

 as suggested by Goes, and that Stimpson's vihrans is a mere variety 

 without any real claim to specific rank. Kroyer included young 

 females under his Phippsii, as he distinctly states he had both sexes 

 of that species, and it is not strictly true, as Goes implies, that all 

 the males fall under one of Kroyer's species and all the females 

 under the other, for the young males and young females are almost 

 indistinguishable, except by the essential sexual characters, and agree 

 with Kroyer's description of Phippsii. As in many similar cases of 

 great differences in the sexes, the relation of the two forms may be 

 easily established, with sufficient specimens, by tracing the forms 

 back in two series toward the young, where the secondary sexual 

 characters disajjpear and the two forms are seen to be specifically 

 identical. In the present case the smallest females in which the sex 

 is easily distinguishable differ scarcely at all in the form of the ros- 

 trum and in the other characters which Kroyer gives as character- 

 istic of the two species. 



I have never seen males which could be regarded as agreeing well 

 with the characters of turgida as given by Kroyer, and I cannot 

 explain the statement of Buchholz (who retains both Kroyer's species 

 though regarding them as probably varieties of one species) that he 

 had, from East Greenland, two males of H. turgida, 30 to 35"'"' in 

 length, without supposing some mistake in the determination of the 

 sex of the specimens, — a supposition which I have no sufficient reason 

 for hazai-ding. 



The only characters which Stimpson gives for distinguishing his 

 H. vihrans^ found in Massachusetts Bay, from the Phippsii of Kroyer 

 are that it has " but one spine over the eye," and that there are 

 " only two or three teeth beneath the tip of the rostrum." The 

 lower of the two supraorbital spines each side is really very small 

 when best developed ; it is not at all constant, there being a com- 

 plete gradation between specimens in which it is well-developed and 

 those in which it is entirely absent ; and it often varies considerably 

 on the two sides of the same individual. The number of teeth on 

 the inferior edge of the rostrum is of even less importance as a dis- 

 tinguishing character, lor three or four is the iisual number in the 

 typical Phippsii and specimens with only two beneath the rostrum 



