40 S. I. Smith — Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast. 



In habits this species differs very greatly from irroratus. The 

 best opportunities which I have had for observing it were at Peak's 

 Island, in Casco Bay, August and September, 1873, Empty carapaces, 

 chelipeds, etc., of horealis were at first found in abundance scattered 

 along the outer shores, far above the action of the waves, where they 

 had evidently been carried by gulls and crows, and were also found 

 in considerable numbers half a mile from the shore in a forest of 

 coniferous trees thickly inhabited by crows. For several weeks no 

 living specimens of horealis were discovered, although the irroratus 

 was found living in abundance all about the island, without, however, 

 its remains scarcely ever being found scattered about with those of 

 horealis. The horealis was finally discovered in abundance, at low 

 water, on the exposed and very rocky shores of the northern end of 

 the island. At this locality, between eighty and ninety specimens, 

 all females and many of them carrying eggs, were obtained in a 

 single morning. They were all found in situations exposed to the 

 action of the waves and were either resting entirely exposed upon 

 the bare rocks and ledges, or clinging to the sea-weeds in the edge 

 of the waves or in the tide-pools. They were never found concealed 

 beneath the rocks, where, however, irroratus abounded. It is a much 

 heavier and more massive species than the irroratus and is conse- 

 quently much better adapted tiian that sj^ecies to the situations in 

 Avhich it is found. So many individuals falling a prey to birds is 

 evidently a result of the habit of remaining exposed between tides, 

 although the heavy shell must afford much greater protection than 

 the comparatively fragile covering of irroratus would afford to that 

 species if similarly exposed. The horealis was also found at a some- 

 what similar locality, but more exposed to the sea, on Ram Island 

 Ledge, a low reef open to the full force of the ocean. One specimen 

 of moderate size was dredged in the ship channel between Peak's 

 Island and Cape Elizabeth, in ten fathoms, rocky and shelly bottom, 

 and specimens were several times captured in " lobster-traps" set, at 

 a depth of eight oi- ten fathoms, among rocks. Specimens were also 

 several times found in stomachs of the cod taken on the Cod Ledges. 



In the vicinity of Vineyard Sound, this species was not infrequently 

 found thrown upon sandy beaches, but never upon beaches very far 

 removed from rocky reefs. The following are the localities where it 

 was seen in greatest numbers : along the sandy beach of Martha's 

 Vineyard from Menemsha Bight to Gay Head ; the rocky island of 

 Cuttyhunk; and the rocky outer shores of Nomansland, where dead 

 specimens were found in considerable abundance. 



