260 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE 
glabrous; pods one-half inch long, delicate. The peduncles are 
almost glabrous, and the stem leaves have the petiole reduced in 
my specimen to a sheath. 
Damp alkaline soil under shaded cliffs in S. W. Colorado 
June to July. Found first by Mr. Alfred Wetherill then by Miss 
Eastwood. 
NOTES ON TOWNSENDIA. 
This genus has always been a trying one to me because 
the descriptions have not fitted the plants as they grow. 
It now becomes evident that the trouble has arisen from 
the undue emphasis which Dr. Gray gave to the pappus, this 
being of almost no value. The glochidiate hairs seem to hold 
but there is one species in which there seems to be a transition 
in that respect. Although several species are said to be annual 
I have never yet seen a specimen that I would swear was an 
annual; most of these seem to germinate in the fall and put out 
a few leaves, while those said to be winter annuals are doubtless 
biennials; most of those said to be biennials are at least three 
years old, while few of them endure over four years, except 
perhaps 7: Fendler’. All are early bloomers, for the altitude in 
which they grow, except 7. Fendleri and even that may begin to 
bloom early but continues till frost. 
Taking the order of Gray, 7. eximia and T. grandiflora, Nutt. 
have glabrous rays. An interesting form from Labron, Colo., 
August 30, 1873, by Greene, has heads smaller than those of 7. 
eximia and is diffusely and intricately branched, rigid, only 
minutely pubescent, with the scales and habit of 7 eximia and 
the pappus of 7. grandiflora. ‘This is in the Herbarium of the 
California Academy. It may be a hybrid. 
7. Parryt, Eaton. There are some points omitted from the 
description of the type by Gray. The leaves are acute, one-half 
to one and one-half inches long of which the blade is one-half 
and the petiole is slender; heads ebracteate; peduncle thickened 
above; scales ovate to lanceolate, soft and thin, scarious except 
midrib, acute, closely imbricated with no evident ranks but the 
outer successively shorter, not acuminate; heads six lines high; 
rays one inch long. This has widely lacerate scales, and is evi- 
dently a short lived perennial. From the type in the Herbarium | 
