THE PLANTS OF THE GRAMPIANS. 253 
low, either near to, or northward from, the Grampian tract. 
About fifty of the species have not yet been ascertained to 
grow below several hundred feet of altitude, in any part of 
Scotland. Ten or twenty species mentioned in the second 
table may be similarly circumstanced ; the rest being either 
doubtful as natives, or doubtful as species, or else local plants 
in the tract ofthe Grampians, but known to grow much lower 
elsewhere. 
The following certainly grow at moderate altitudes in some 
parts of Scotland or England; namely, Thlaspi alpestre, 
Arenaria verna, Sedum villosum, Carex limosa, Festuca Cala- 
maria, and Avena strigosa. Avena alpina appears to be only 
a mountain form of Avena pratensis, as I have gathered 
specimens of the latter between 1,500 and 1,800 feet, on the 
mountains of Perth, Forfar, and Aberdeen shires, scarcely 
distinguishable from those of Avena alpina, in Smith's Her- 
arium. Carex pheostachya is regarded asa variety of Carez 
panicea. And Carex stictocarpa is united to Carex recurva, 
in the fourth edition of the British Flora. 
From the notices here given respecting the lower limits of 
the species, taken in connexion with the table indicating their 
highest ascertained limits, the Flora of any fixed heights on 
the Grampians, between the bases and summits, may be 
readily calculated, with the exception of the genus Salix. 
Of this genus, I should guess that about thirty species, 
or well-marked varieties usually accounted species, may be 
found below 1000 feet, about the Grampians; perhaps twen- 
ty species between 1000 and 2000 feet; ten or fifteen species 
between 2000 and 3000 feet; but I do not recollect to have 
seen any willows above 3000 feet, except S. herbacea and 
S. reticulata. 
It would encrease the value of these notes, for the purposes 
of the botanical geographer, if the climate of different eleva- 
tions of the mountains under consideration were likewise 
exhibited. I fear my notes are insufficient to do this with 
much exactness; but as I was necessarily recording the 
temperature of the atmosphere, from time to time, for the 
sake of calculating heights; and as I also occasionally noted 
