REPORT OF CX)MMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 137 



jointly by Professor Tower and Mr. E. H. (ircen, and a special report 

 thereon was published in the 1901 Bulletin. Numerous <>-allstones 

 were found in several of the squcteaguc cau<>ht in the pound nets, and 

 the determination of the chemical constituents of the calculi formed the 

 subject of a paper by Professor Tower and Mr. A. K. Krause, forming 

 a part of the lUUl Bulletin, which is an important contribution to the 

 diseases of wild tislies. A related subject which received attention wan 

 the bile pigments and bile acids of squeteague, blue-fish, and l)onito. 



In the course of a general study of noises produced by fishes, some 

 important physiological observations were made on the "drumming" 

 of the squeteague. The drumming of the drum-fishes [Scisenidcv)^ of 

 which the squeteague is the most prominent representative at Woods 

 Hole, has been variously explained by difi'erent writers; and in the case 

 of the squeteague, at least, it would appear that no accurate account of 

 the factors producing the characteristic sound has heretofore been 

 given. 



Professor Towner's observations and experiments have developed the 

 following facts: 



1. There is in the squeteague a special drumming muscle, lying 

 between the abdominal muscles and the peritoneum, and extending the 

 entire length of the abdomen on either side of the median line. 



2. The muscle fibers are verj^ short, and run at right angles to the 

 long axis of the muscle. 



3. The muscle is in close relation with the large swim-bladder, and 

 ])y its rapid contractions produces a drumming sound, with the aid of 

 the tense Ijladder which acts as a sounding-board. 



4. This nuiscle exists only in the males, and only the males are able 

 to drum. 



In continuation of the plan of issuing from time to time systematic 

 reports on the various groups of water animals in the Woods Hole 

 region, studies of the following groups were carried on during the 

 year: The crabs, by Dr. Robert P. Bigelow, of the Massachusetts 

 Institute of Technology; the jell^'-fishes and sea-anemones, by Prof . 

 Charles W. Hargitt, of Syracuse University; the parasitic copepods 

 of fishes, 1)3' Mr. M. T. Thompson, of Brown Unive;i'sity, and Mr. C. B. 

 Wilson, of the W^estfield (Massachusetts) State Normal School; the 

 isopods, b}' Miss Harriet liichardson, of Columbian University (Wash- 

 ington, D. C); the amphipods, by Prof. S. J. Holmes, of the University 

 of Michigan 



Following is a list of those in attendance at the laborator}^ arranged 

 under the institutions with which they were connected: 



U. S. Department of Agriculture : W. T. Swingle, Ph D. ; Dr. Geo. T. Moore; Karl 

 Kellerman, B. S. 



Brown University. R. W. Tower, A. M.; L. W. Williams, Ph. D.; George H. Sher- 

 wood, A. M.; M. T. Thompson, A M.; A. K Krause, A. B. 



Bryn Mawr College: T H. Morgan, Ph. D. 



Columbia University. Gary N. Calkins, Ph D. 



