492 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



discharged into the upper end of the collecting pool, and the attrac- 

 tion of this flow brings the fish into a hoisting tank, which in turn 

 is loaded onto a truck for transporting the fish to the ripening ponds. 

 The automatic gates have been found to function very satisfactorily 

 and the fall run of salmon passed from the tailrace and into the trap 

 pool without delay. The success of this type of installation for 

 collecting upstream-migrating fish from tailrace waters is most en- 

 couraging and would seem to indicate that the solution of the prob- 

 lem of handling fish at high dams lies in the use of equipment of 

 this kind. 



Cascade Rapids projects. — At the present time there are two ap- 

 plications pending before the Federal Power Commission for pre- 

 liminary permit for a power development at Cascade Rapids. Both 

 projects proposed the development of large blocks of electric power 

 by the construction of low dams and diversion works at the crest 

 of Cascade Rapids in the Columbia River. 



If such a development is ever undertaken here, very liberal pro- 

 visions for fish protection should be insisted upon, especially in the 

 matter of by-passing a large flow of water. 



SALMONID^ OF NEW ENGLAND 



Throughout the past year Dr. W. C. Kendall, senior ichthyologist 

 of the bureau, has continued his studies of the salmonoid fishes of 

 New England at the laboratory at Freeport, Me. Three distinct 

 problems which have engaged his attention for many years have 

 been continued. The study of the smelt of New England, except for 

 observations in brooks and streams during the annual spring runs, 

 has been temporarily laid aside in order to give attention to the 

 completion of a study on the salmon, and for analysis of an extensive 

 collection of trouts or chars of North America. As a result of these 

 efforts in the interest of conserving the New England smelts, which 

 have suffered marked depletion in recent years, the last session of the 

 Maine Legislature finally passed regulations which it is believed 

 will be effective in protecting the spawning rims of fish in fresh- 

 water streams. 



LofTidlocked salmon. — A manuscript on the landlocked salmon has 

 been completed and submitted to the Boston Society of Natural 

 History for publication as Part II of a memoir on the Salmonidse 

 of New England, and will be published as a quarto volume with 

 handsome colored illustrations. This memoir pertains to the origin 

 of the fish, the reasons for regarding it as a distinct species, and the 

 known facts concerning its life history. 



Concerning its origin, it is hypothetically argued that it is the 

 product of the stage of fresh-water inundation following the last 

 glacial period, when great estuaries and extensive inland areas of 

 salt water were transformed by melting ice into inland fresh-water 

 seas which gradually shrunk to the recent lakes naturally inhabited 

 by the landlocked salmon. To those conditions the fish was com- 

 pelled to adjust itself or " go fossil," so to speak. In fact, it might be 

 regarded as a living fossil, which is implied in the name very appro- 

 priately given it by Malmgren, who called it SaJmio relicta. It was 

 left behind, as it were, by the receding marine environment and 



