CANNING SARDINES APA | 
544,170 B. t. u.; for heating the fish is 10,000 0.661200. 8, or 633,600 
_ 2,431,770 — 962.9 
18500 0:50 5: 
pounds, or 33.3 gallons per hour. The fuel oil per case is a8 or 0.303 gallons. 
B. t. u.; giving a total of 2,431, 770 B. t. u. Fuel required is 
This is 79 per cent of the fuel required for the new process. In this calculation, 
however, no account is taken of the large heat losses that take place in the frying 
vat. } 
Heat to be removed by cooler—Data used: Temperature of fish entering cooler 
220° and of all iron 300°; weight of fish, 13.5 pounds per flake (90 per cent of 
weight entering cooker); temperature of fish and iron leaving cooler, 85°; and 
the specific heat of air 0.24, and of iron, 0.13. The heat to be removed per hour 
from the iron is 4X 13237 X215X0.13, or 546,031 B. t. u., and from the fish 
4X 132X13.5X135X0.8, or 769,824 B. t. u., giving a total of 1,315,855 B. t. u. 
Air required for cooling.—It is assumed that the cooler is the same in size as 
the cooker; that the flakes pass from one end to the other 12 times, as in the 
cooker, that the 12 lines of flakes are evenly spaced from top to bottom, with 
partitions to prevent the air passing over one line from mixing with that of the 
next; that the free area is the same (27.5 square feet) as in the cross section of 
the cooker, with the same air velocity, only at an entering temperature of 80°; 
that at 80°, 56.2 cubic feet of dry air will take up 1 B. t. u. in being heated 1°; 
and that the average rise in temperature of the air passing over the different lines 
of flakes is 25°. Under these conditions the quantity of air passing through the 
cooler is sufficient, as is shown by the following calculations: Air passing 
through the cooler is 27.5 2,000 60, or 3,300,000 cubic feet per hour. This 
much air takes up, in rising 25°, Smo X 25, or 1,467,971 B.t.u. The amount 
that must be removed is 1,315,855 B. t. u. 
Packing space.—It is assumed that each packer will pack 44% cases of “oval’”’ 
fish per hour; that 2 feet of space is required for each packer; that 6 feet of 
free space should be left between the cooler and first packer and between last 
packer and where the flakes are elevated to the upper level; and that 22 cases 
per ton of small to medium ‘‘ovals,’’ prepared, will be obtained, or 110 cases 
per hour. Number of packers required is p= 25. Space, however, should be 
allowed for 5 additional packers as a safety measure. Space required is 30 
2—60 feet, or 30 feet, since they work on both sides of the moving flakes. Total 
space required, then, is 30-+6+6=42 feet. 
Total weight conveyed.—It is assumed that each flake carrier takes up 2.75 
feet (33 inches) of lineal space; that each carrier weighs 8 pounds and each 
flake 9 pounds; that the chain required for each flake weighs 20 pounds; and 
that the amount of fish per flake is 15 pounds. Number of flakes on conveyer 
42+ 424 24 
2.75 
total of 304, of which 14, it is assumed, will have no fish on them. Total weight, 
then, is 290K (8+9+20+15)+14 (8+9+20)=15,598 pounds. Total chain 
required is 2X 304 X 2.75=1,672 feet. 
Space occupied by unit.—Total length is about 100 feet, 40 feet of the length 
being 25 feet wide, 35 feet long, and 10 feet wide, and the rest 7 feet wide, including 
space for packers on both sides of conveyer. Height is 27 feet. 
is 132 in cooker, 132 in cooler, outside on conveyer =40; giving a 
COOKING UNIT USING TRUCKS 
The following calculations apply to a unit using trucks, including only a cooker 
to handle 5 tons of fish under the same conditions as given above. ‘The flakes, 
heat, air, and fuel required are assumed to be the same as given in the above 
calculations. 
Number of trucks required.—It is assumed that each truck is 6 feet high and 
that 15 flakes, each taking 4 inches of space, are placed on each truck. Number 
of trucks needed is 9. 
Size of cooking tunnel.—It is assumed that each truck is 6 feet high and 32 
inches square; that the trucks are spaced 6 inches apart in the tunnel; that 6 
inches of space are required in the tunnel above the trucks for the conveyer; 
and that the tunnel used is similar to the one shown in Figure 28, p. 152. Length 
18x et 2) » or 41 feet 2 inches, Height 

of tunnel, then, including vestibules, is 
