334 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



(4) Mollnsks, oyster and other shells— Continued. 



Ostrea virginica, natural growth derived from the oysters planted in San Fran- 

 cisco Bay. 



Ostrea virgiidca, transplanted from the Atlantic coast to San Francisco Bay and 

 there raised for market. 



Ostrea inrninica, Guaymas, west coast of Mexico; used as food. 



Ostrea litrida, Paciiic coast of the Jnited States; used as food. 



Ostrea virginica, Guaymas, Mex., formerly shipped to the San Francisco market. 



Ostrea Jiirida, the native oyster of the Pacific coast of the United States; from 

 Willapa Bay, Wash. 



Ostrea larkln, the native oyster of the Pacific coast of the United States; from 

 San Francisco Bay, Cal. 



Oyster growing on twig of tree. 



Sheet of rubber containing oyster spat. 



Rubber shoe with young oyster attached, Connecticut. 



Anchor lantern with oysters growing on it. 



Earthenware ink bottle with oysters growing on it. 



Glass bottle with oysters growing on it. 



One-year-old oysters growing on gutta-percha cable across Housatonic River at 

 Stratford, Conn. 



Spat about two months old attached to crushed stone off Norwalk, Conn. 



Crushed stone, used on planted beds for collecting oyster spat. Recent innova- 

 tion. 



Jingle clutch, used on planted beds for collecting oyster spat; composed of the 

 shells of Jnomia and other light mollusks, and very highly regarded 

 under some conditions. 



Oyster spat growing on child's leather shoe. 



Cockle {Cardium corbis), Pacific coast of North America; edible. 



Horse mussel (Modiola modiolus), Greenland to New Jersey, Europe, North 

 Pacific Ocean; used as food and bait. 



California mussel (J/?/<i/MS calif ornianus) , Pacific coast of North America; used 

 as food. 



(5) Other economic mollusks : 

 Haliotis, California. 



Pearl oyster {Meleagrina margaritifera), Gulf of California. 

 Giant scallop (Pecten tenuicostatus), Labrador to New Jersey; used as food. 

 Common scallop {Pecten irradians), Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexicf used as 

 food. 



(6) Enemies of the oyster: 



Starfish attacking oysters. Starfish. 



Egg cases of the periwinkles {Fiilgar carica and Sycotypus canaliculatus). 



Asterias forbesH and small specimens clustered in shell of periwinkle, off Nor- 

 walk, Conn. 



Starfish feeding on common mussels (Mytilus edulis), Providence, R. I. 



Periwinkle {Sycotypus canaliculatus), Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico. De- 

 structive to oysters. 



Asterias forbesii. Medium specimen in shell of periwinkle. Connecticut. 



Sea snail {Nererita duplicata), Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico. 



Drills {Purptira lapillus). 



Oyster shells showing the effect of the boring-sponge {Clione sulphurea), Tan- 

 gier Sound, Va. 



Drills {Urosalpinx cinerea), Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico ; also introduced 

 with oysters in San Francisco Bay, Cal. 



Razor-clam. 



Flat razor- clams {Machivra patula), Alaska to California; used as food. 



Giant clams {ScMzotharus nuttaUii), Pacific coast of North America; used as 

 food. New England Coast. Arctic Ocean to South Carolina. 



Long clam or soft clam {Alya arenaria), Eastern United States; also introduced 

 on Pacific coast; used as food and bait. 



Large clams. 



Quahog or round clam ( Venus mercenariu) , Gulf of St. Lawrence to (Julf of 

 Mexico ; used as food and bait. 



Clams [Mactra planulata), Alaska; used as food. 



Sea clam or surf clam {Macira solidissima), Labrador to Gulf of Mexico; used as 

 food and bait. 



Bloody clams {Argiiia pexata), Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico; occasionally 

 used as bait. 



Little-neck clams, hard-shell clams, carpet shell {Tapes staminea), Alaska to 

 California ; extensively used as food. 



Little-neck clams {Saxidomun aratus); esteemed as food. San Diego, Cal. 



Round clams {Saxido7nus rmtiallii), Pacific coast of North America; iised as food. 



