ZoBell — X — Marine Microbiology 



have contributed to lakes and oceans alike the kindred microbiological condi- 

 tions shared in each general type of environment. 



Though more directive than comprehensive, the bibliography provides a key 

 to the relevant literature. For the most part the citations have been restricted 

 to papers dealing with aquatic phenomena, the purpose of this volume being to 

 give a condensed account of what is known regarding the effects of microorgan- 

 isms upon the marine environment and the effect of environmental conditions 

 upon marine microorganisms. While some of the generalizations may prove 

 to be premature, it is hoped that the volume will serve as a useful source of 

 information, scant though it may be, and that it will stimulate the interest of 

 more students of microbiology, oceanography, limnology, and ecology in study- 

 ing the importance of bacteria and allied microorganisms in aquatic environ- 

 ments. 



Methods of collecting and analyzing water and mud samples have received 

 special attention. Space limitations prohibit giving complete descriptions of the 

 numerous microbial species reported to be indigenous to aquatic environments, 

 but an effort has been made to name and to give references to all known marine 

 bacteria, yeasts, and molds in the text in connection with their principal physi- 

 ological activities. The author will appreciate receiving information on species 

 which have escaped his attention for inclusion in supplemental or revised pub- 

 lications. 



Much valuable aid and stimulation have been received from my colleagues, 

 associates, and graduate students at the S.I.O. as well as from certain staff mem- 

 bers of the University of Wisconsin and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- 

 tion. The unpublished final report of Dr. Haldane Gee, formerly in charge of 

 marine microbiological research at the S.I.O., has been consulted freely in the 

 preparation of this manuscript, and credit is given to him for his concept of the 

 scope and function of microbiology in the science of the sea. Special acknowl- 

 edgment is also due to Dr. H. U. Sverdrup, Director of the S.I.O., who con- 

 tributed to the chapter on the Marine Environment, to Dr. F. K. Sparrow, 

 Professor of Botany at the University of Michigan, who criticized the chapter 

 on Aquatic Yeasts and Molds, to Dr. Robert S. Breed, New York Agricul- 

 tural Experiment Station, for counsel on taxonomic problems, and to Dr. D. L. 

 Fox, Associate Professor of Marine Biochemistry at the S.I.O., for his generous 

 help in reading and criticizing the whole of the manuscript. The author is 

 also indebted to Miss Harriet Dunn for typing the manuscript, to Dr. William 

 D. Rosenfeld for proof reading, to Miss Jean E. Switzer for proof reading 

 and help in preparing the indices, and to Miss Barbara Fay Brown for pre- 

 paring the figures and checking the bibliography, 



ScRipps Institution of Oceanography 

 University of California 

 La Jolla, California 



