Marine Microbiology 



235 — 



General Index 



Bahama Islands, 7, go, 140, 151, 156, 



160, 163, 164 

 Baltic Sea, 3, iss. 156, 166 

 Bank, 11 



Barents Sea, 8, 106 

 Barnacles, 193, 194 

 Basin, 10 

 Beaches, ecology of, 175 



— pollution of, igi 

 Beggiatoa, 127, 163, 166 



— alba, lO^A. 165 



— arachnoides, 163 



— Uptomili/ormis, 163 



— marina, 163 



— minima, 2, 163 



— mirabilii, 2, 163 

 Beggiatoaccae, 127, 163, 163 

 Beiithic organisms, 11 

 Benthos, 11 



Biloculina, 34 



Binding action of microbes, in, 113 



Biococnosis, 95, 164, 166 



Bioluminescence, 3, 4, 118, 119, 173 



Biomass, 97, 201 



Biosphere, lower limits of, 92, 93 



Biotic zones, 1 1 



Black rot of kelp, 171 



Black Sea, Si, 95. 200, 201 



— anaerobic conditions, 68, 109, 200 



— bacterial stratitication, 68, 161, 



30I 



— iron bacteria, 103 



— lipoclasts, 146 



— nitrifiers, 152 



— salinity, 15, 200 



— sulfate reducers, 159, 200 



— sulfur bacteria, 162, 1O6, 201 



— water germicidal, Si, 183 

 Blastoderma salmonicolor, 129 

 "Bloody seas," 164, 165 

 Boat laboratory, 39 

 B.O.D. of mud, 108, no, 149 

 Boring gribble, 194 

 Botryophiahphora marina, 132 

 Bottom deposits, bacteria in, 2, 3, 6, 



7, 67, 86, 90-99 



— bacterial activity in, 100-113 



— biocoenosis in, 95-97, 164, 166 



— chitinoclasts in, 144 



— collection of, 33-36 



— Eh of, 10s, 106 



— enumerating organisms in, 54-56 



— enzymes in, 113 



■ — factors influencing microbes, 93- 

 97 



— neritic, 22 



— oceanic, 22 



— of lakes, 91, 206 



— organic content, 19 



— organisms in, 21, 22, 93-97. loo- 

 113 



^ oxygen consumption in, 107, 108, 

 no, 149 



— pelagic, 22 



— />H of, 104, 105 



— terrigenous, 22 

 Brandt's hypothesis, 154, 155 

 Breed and Brew method, 52 

 Brine, discoloration, 116, 196 



— shrimp, 203 

 Bufiers in sea water, ig 



"Calcium bacteria," 102 

 Calcium carbonate ppt., 100-103, 

 151 



— effect of sulfate reducers, 160 



— role of dcnitrifiers, 155 

 Calcium phosphate, 169 

 "Calloa Painter," no 

 Canyon, submarine, 10 

 Capacity, poising, 106 

 Cape Cod region, 61, 6s, 70 

 Capillary tube water samplers, 28- 



31 , . 



Carbohydrate, assimilation, 11 7i 

 118, 138-141 



— content of organisms, 145 



— relation to nitrogen, 138, 139 

 Carbonates, in sea water, 19, 20 



— precipitation, 100-103, 151, I5S. 

 160 



Carbon cycle in sea, 136-149 

 Carbon dioxide, in sea water, 19, 20 



— production, 108, 137, 170 

 Caribbean Sea, 65 



Carrier for submerged slides, 57 

 Caseinate, for plate counts, 43 



Caspian Sea, bacterial stratification, 

 68, 161 



— bacteria in mud, 98 



— biomass. 97 



— gas prouuced in, 109 



— H.S in, 160 



— sulfate reducers, 301 



— sulfur bacteria, 165, 166 

 Caulobatler, 124, 126 

 Cellfalciiula, 125, 139 

 Cell morphology, 114, iis 

 Cellulose, decomposers, g8, 99, 139, 



140, igs 



— decomposed by fungi, 13s 

 Celhibrio, 125, 139 

 Centrifuge plankton, 24 

 Cephalosporium, 131 

 Ceralium, igg 

 Ceralophyllum, 96 

 Ceriosporopsis halima, 132 

 Chaelomium, 131 



Chalky mud, 102 

 Channel Island region, 90, 105 

 Chara, 96 



Characteristics of marine bacteria, 

 114-128 



— attachment propensities, 56-58, 



124, 193 



— cultural, 116, 117 



— physiological, 117-119 



— salinity requirements, 119-121 



— temperature tolerance, 1 21-124 

 Chemical composition of sea water , 



17-21 

 Chitin decomposition, 98, 143-145 

 Chitinoclastic bacteria, in muds, 144, 



— as parasites, 144, 175 

 Chlamydobacteriales, 126, 127 

 Chlorinity of sea water, 15, 16 

 CMorobaclcrium, 161, 166 

 Chlorobium limicola, 166 

 Cholodny, direct counts, 55 



• — ultrafiltration method, 54 

 Chromatium, 126, 164, 165, 207 



— gobii, 8, 164 



— minus, 164 



— minulissimum, 165 



— okenii, 1 64 



— rosea, 164 



— vinosum, 164 



— warmingii, 164 

 Chromobacterium, 97, 125 



— maris-morlui, 204 

 Chromogens, 116, 117, 164, 166, 190, 



196 



— in lakes, 205 



Chromous sulfate for anaerobes, 50 

 Chroococcus lurgidis, 135 

 Chytridiaceous fungi, 132, 133 

 Chytridiales, 133 

 Chytridium, 131-134 



— alarium, 134 



— codicola, 131 



— megastomum, 132 



— polysiphoniae, 132, 134 

 Citrate of magnesia bottles, 29, 30 



— effect of pressure on, 32 

 Citrobacler, 184, 187 

 Cladosporium, 131 

 Cladothrix, 103 



— dichotoma, 187 



— inlricaia, 5 



Clathrocyslis roseo-persicina, 190 

 Clay particle size, 22, 94 

 Clonolhrix, 103, 126 

 Closlridium, 126, 156 



— aerogenes, 187 



— pastorianum, 156 



— weUhii, 185, 187 



Clyde Sea, bacteria in mud, 90, 158 



— coliform bacteria, 184 



— distribution of bacteria, 67, 68, 

 70. 74, 75, 87 



— HjS producers in, 158 



— tides and bacteria, 63 



— "water bacteria" in, 97 

 Coal, bacteria in, g2, g3 

 Coccolith ooze, 22 

 Codfish, 190, 197 



Coliform bacteria in, fish, 184, 185 



— ice, 191 



— sea water, 184, 185 



— shellfish, 186, 187 

 Collection of, mud samples, 33-36 



— water samples, 26-33 

 Compensation point, 13 

 Concentrating water for counts, 53 

 Conn direct count, 55 



Copepods, bacteria as food for, 173, 

 '74 



— decomposition, 150 



— in sea, 24 



— lipid and protein content, 14s 

 Copper precipitation, 104 

 Cordage fiber decomposition, 135, 



i-}i, >95 

 Coring devices for mud, 33-36 

 Cork decomp<>sition, 196 

 Counts, dilution method, 48, 49 



— direct microscopic, 51-58 



— media for, 41-45 



— water blanks for, 46, 48 

 Crabs, chitinoclasts on, 144 

 Crcnollirix, 103, 127 



— manganijera, 104 



— ochracea, 104 



— polyspora, 104 

 Crtslospira, 127, 128 



— anodontae, 187 



— balbianii, 187 



— inlerrogationis, 187 



— mina, 187 



— modialae, 187 



— pinnae, 187 



— speculifera, 187 



— lenua, 187 

 Crystal Lake, 92 



Cultural characteristics, 116, 117 

 Cyanodiclyon, 166 

 Cytophaga, 127, 139 



— di_ffuens, 140 



— krzemieniewskae, 140 



Dead Sea, 9, 148, 204 

 Decomposition of, carbohydrates, 

 . 138-141 



— chitin, 98, 143-14S 



— cordage fibers, 135, 141, 19s 



— cork, 196 



— fish, 116, 123, 142, 190, 197, 198 



— fish nets, 141, 195 



— hydrocarbons, 99, 146-148, 196 



— lignin, 99, 135, 141, 142, igs 



— lipids, 98, 99, 145, 146 



— plankton, 143, 150, 153 



— rubber, 148, 196 



— wood, 135, 141, 194, 195 

 Deep, 10 



Deep sea, bacteria in, 2-4, 7 

 Demalium, 130 

 Denitrification, loi, 154, 155 

 Denitrifiers, 154, 155 



— eSect on CaCOj ppt., loi 



— in sea, 7, 8, 98, 118, 155, 201 

 Density of sea water, 15, 16 



— of marine bacteria, 53 

 Depth of sea, 10 



— effect on bacteria, 3, 4, 7, 65-70, 

 206 



Desulfovibrio, 125, 147, IS9, 161 



— aestuarii, 146, 160, 161, 166, 200 



— desulfuricans, 200, 207 

 Dextrose fermentation, 98 

 Diagenesis of sediments, 100-113 

 Diatomaceous earth, 22 

 Diatom ooze, 22 



Diatoms, decomposition, 143 



— ether extract, 145, i47 



— film-forming, 193, 194 



— fungus infections, 133, I34, I3S 



— in Dead Sea, 204 



— in Great Salt Lake, 203 



— in mud, 97, 99 



— in sea, 22, 67, 73 



— relation to bacteria, 77, 78, 140 



— shellfish poison, 199 

 Didymospliaeria, Jucicola, 131 



— pehetiana, 131 



Dilution, method counts, 48, 49 



— water blanks, 40, 46-48, 58 

 Dinoflagellates, 22 



— cause of red water, 165 



— parasitized by fungi, 134 



— shellfish poison, 199 

 Diplococcus, 125 



— gadidarum, 190 

 Diplodia orae-maris, 132 



Direct microscopic counts, 5 1-58, 91 



— compared with plate counts, 5I1 



— on bacteria in mud, 54-56 

 Discoloration, of fish, 116, 117, 190 



— submerged surfaces, 193 

 Disease, amphioxus, 201 



— contracted in sea water, 191 



— kelp, 171 



