CONTENTS 



Page 



THE VERTEBRATES i 



External characters i 



Internal characters 4 



Distribution 10 



History 12 



Classification 13 



Key to the classification of vertebrates 14 



CLASS I. FISHES 15 



Number of species and distribution 15 



History 15 



On the identification of fishes 16 



Key to the subclasses of fishes 24 



Subclass I. Marsipobranchii 24 



Order i. Hyperotreti 24 



Order 2. Hyperoartii 24 



Family Petromyzonidas 25 



Subclass 2. Pisces 27 



Division i. Selachii 28 



Division 2. Dipnoi 28 



Division 3. Teleostomi 28 



Series i. Ganoidea 28 



Order i. Crossopterygii 29 



Order 2. Chondrostei 29 



Family i. Polyodontidae 29 



Family 2. Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) 29 



Order 3. Holostei 31 



Family 1. Lepisosteidae (Garpikes) - . . . 32 



Family 2. Amiidae (Bowfins) 32 



Series 2. Teleostei 33 



Key to the orders of Teleostei 7,^ 



Order i. Isospondyli 34 



Family i. Hiodontidae (Mooneyes) 34 



Family 2. Dorosomidse (Gizzard shad) 35 



Family 3. Clupeidae (Herring; shad) 36 



Family 4. Salmonidas 37 



Subfamily i. Coregoninae (Whitefish) 37 



Subfamily 2. Salmoninas (Salmon; trout) 42 



Family 5. Thymallidae (Graylings) 49 



Family 6. Argentinidae (Smelt) 50 



Order 2. Apodes 50 



Family Anguillidse (Eels) 51 



Order 3. Eventognathi 51 



Family I. Catostomidae (Suckers; mullet; redhorse) 51 



Family 2. Cyprinidae (Minnows; carp) 61 



Order 4. Heterognathi 91 



xi 



I n s s~ s" 



