FISHES 43 



b'.. Tail without large oblong spots. 



Ci Rays of dorsal fin g; branchiostegals 13 or 14 0. keta. 



Co Rays of dorsal fin 11 ; branchiostegals 15 to 19 O. tschawytscha. 



C3 Rays of dorsal fin 10; branchiostegals 13 or 14 0. kisutch. 



ai; Gill-rakers long and 30 to 40 in number O. nerka. 



O. gorhuscha (Walbaum). Humpback salmon. Weight up to 

 6 lbs.; color bluish, sides silvery; hinder part of back, adipose fin, and 

 tail with numerous oblong spots; rays of dorsal fin 11; anal 15; scales 

 very small, 170 in the lateral line; pyloric caeca 180: Pacific Ocean, 

 from central California northwards; common in Alaska; of small 

 food value. 



O. ^c/a (Walbaum). Dog salmon. Weight 12 lbs.; head 4; depth 4; 

 color dusky above; sides paler; no spots, only fine dots, which may be 

 absent; breeding male with brick-red sides, often barred or mottled; 

 rays of dorsal fin 9; anal 13 or 14; scales 28-150-30; pyloric caeca 140 to 

 185: San Francisco to Bering Straits; of small food value. 



O. tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook; king salmon; quinnat 

 salmon. Length 600 to 1,500 mm. ; usual weight 22 lbs. ; extreme weight 

 100 Ib^.; head 4; depth 4; color dusky above; sides silvery; back and tail 

 spotted with small black spots; rays of dorsal fin 11; anal 16; scales 

 27-146-29; body robust; flesh red in the spring, becoming paler in the 

 fall; pyloric caeca 145 to 185: Ventura river, California, to Alaska; the 

 principal salmon in the Columbia and Sacramento Rivers; the most 

 important food fish in the country; introduced into eastern America. 



O. kisutch (Walbaum). Silver salmon. Length 375 mm.; weight 

 5 lbs.; color bluish green; sides silvery with dark punctulations; no 

 spots except a few obscure ones; males mostly red in the fall; rays of the 

 dorsal fin 10; anal 13 or 14; scales 25-127-29; pyloric caeca 45 to 80: 

 San Francisco northwards; the principal salmon in Puget Sound and in 

 the shorter rivers of Oregon and Washington; a very important food 

 fish. 



O. nerka (W^albaum). Blueback; redfish. Length 600 mm.; 

 weight 6 lbs.; head 4; depth 4; color bright blue above and without 

 spots; sides silvery; breeding male blood red above, white below; rays 

 of dorsal fin 11; anal 14 to 16; scales 20-133-20; body rather slender; 

 flesh deep red: California to Alaska; the principal salmon of the Fraser 

 River and of Alaska; after the king salmon the most important member 

 of the genus commercially. 



2. Salmo L. Salmon; trout. Body elongate; mouth large; dorsal 

 and anal fins usually with 10 to 12 rays each; body usually spotted with 

 black: about 30 species in the United States, mostly in the west. 



