44 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE UNITED STATES 



S. salar L. Atlantic salmon. Length to 1,500 mm.; average weight 

 15 lbs.; body'slender, elliptical; head 4; depth 4; rays of dorsal fins 11; 

 anal 9; scales 23-120-21; color brownish above; sides silvery, with numer- 

 ous black spots all over; young with 11 dusky cross bars, and spots and 

 red patches: north Atlantic Ocean, ascending the rivers north of Cape 

 Cod, and occasionally as far south as the Delaware; sometimes land- 

 locked in lakes; an important game fish; northern Europe, as far south 

 as northern Spain. The salmon enters the rivers in the spring to feed, 

 but probably returns to the sea before spawning, and again ascends 

 late in the fall for that purpose. 



Subspecies of S. salar 



S. s. sehago Girard. Smaller and non-migratory; average weight 2 

 lbs. : Sebago Pond, Maine, and other lakes to the northward. 



5*. .y. ouananiche Jordan & Evermann. Average weight 2 lbs.; 

 teeth, fins and eyes very large: Lake St. John and other lakes in Quebec. 





Fig. 20. — Salmo clarki {from Jordan &-' Evermann). 



S. clarki Richardson. Cutthroat trout; black-spotted trout (Fig. 

 20). Length up to 400 mm. or more; weight up to 20 lbs.; head 4; 

 depth 4; rays of dorsal fin 10; anal 10; scales 39-160 to 170-30; body 

 elongate; head short and blunt; pyloric caeca 43; color usually silver 

 gray, profusely spotted with black, round spots which may extend on to 

 the belly; lower jaw blotched with red (cutthroat); middle of side 

 usually with a broad rosy wash: coastal streams and lakes from north- 

 ern California to British Columbia and Alaska; up the Columbia River 

 basin as far as Shoshone Falls; spawning in the spring and early summer. 



S. lewisi (Girard). Yellowstone trout. Similar to S. clarki, but 

 more robust; spots not extending on the belly: Columbia River basin 

 above Shoshone Falls; head waters of the Missouri; Yellowstone Park. 



5. gibbsi (Suckley). Silver trout. Similar to S. clarki, but with 

 scarcely any red on the lower jaw; scales 140 to 145: Idaho, Oregon 

 and Washington between Shoshone Falls and the Cascades. 



