FISHES 6 1 



6-50-6. 18 before the dorsal fin: south Atlantic States, from the Catawba 

 to the Chattahoochee Rivers; often abundant. 



M. cervinum (Cope). Length 250 mm.; head 5; body elongate; color 

 greenish brown, with a pale blotch on each scale, these forming con- 

 tinuous lines along the sides; rays of the dorsal fin 10 to 12; scales 

 6-43-5, 13 before the dorsal: from the James River to the Neuse; 

 abundant in rapid water. 



M. pcecilurum (Jordan). Size small; head and depth 4.3; caudal 

 fin red, lower lobe jet black with a white margin; rays of dorsal fin 13; 

 scales 5-44-4: southern Mississippi and eastern Texas. 



11. Placophar3mx Cope. Large suckers, like Moxostoma, except 

 that the pharyngeal bones are stronger and the lower teeth very large, 

 nearly cylindrical in form, and 6 to 10 in number; upper teeth small and 

 compressed: i species. 



P. duquesnei (LeSueur). Big-jawed sucker. Length 750 mm.; 

 head 4; depth 3.8; color dark olive green; caudal and lower fins bright 

 red; rays of dorsal fin 12 or 13; anal 9; scales 6-45-6; head and mouth 

 large; lips very thick: Michigan to Georgia and Arkansas; abundant 

 in large streams. 



12. Logochila Jordan & Brayton. Like Moxostoma, except that the 

 upper lip is not protractile and the lower lip is split, consisting of two 

 lobes: i species. 



L. lacera J. & B. Harelip sucker. Head short; depth 4.6; color pale 

 olive; sides and belly silvery; rays of dorsal fin 12; anal 7; scales 5-45-5; 

 mouth large, inferior, the upper lip being prolonged: middle Mississippi 

 \'alley; locally common. 



Family 2. Cyprinidae. — Minnows; carp. Small or medium sized 

 fishes with an elongate body, usually covered with cycloid scales and 

 with a naked head; margin of the upper jaw formed by the premaxil- 

 laries alone; jaws toothless; the two paired lower pharyngeal bones 

 parallel with the gill arches, each being falciform in shape and bearing 

 I or 2 (in some European species 3) rows of teeth on each side, there 

 being 4, 5 or 6 teeth in the main or hindermost row in the American 

 species, and i or 2 teeth in the other row, if present at all; pseudo- 

 branchia' usually present; branchiostegal rays 3; gills 4; fins typically 

 spineless; ventral fins abdominal in position; air bladder large, with 

 usually 2 compartments: over 200 genera and 1,000 species, in North 

 America and the Old World, all in fresh water; over 200 species in the 

 United States, most of which have no food value. 



The American species are mostly small, often very small, fishes 

 which abound in every brook and small stream. Many are very 



