FISHES 67 



H. nuchalis Ag. Silvery minnow. Length 150 mm.; head 4.5; 

 depth 5; color olivaceous green; sides silvery; rays of anal tin 7; scales 

 5-38-4, 12 to 14 scales before the dorsal fin: New York to the upper 

 Missouri; southward to Georgia and Texas; common in large rivers. 



H. hayi Jordan. Like H. nuchalis, but with a slenderer body; 

 scales 5-36-3 : lower Mississippi region, northward at least to Memphis. 



H. Serena (Girard). Length 60 mm.; color dusky with a black 

 lateral band; scales 5-32 to 34-3; teeth hooked: western Texas. 



H. episcopa (Girard).- Length 75 mm.; color dusky, with, a black 

 lateral band; scales 9-37 to 41-4; teeth hooked: western Texas. 



H. nuhila (Forbes). Length 60; head 4.5; depth 4; color very dark 

 with a dark lateral band; rays of anal fin 9; scales 5-37-3; teeth hooked: 

 western Illinois to Wyoming; southward to the Ozarks; common. 



Fig. 33. — Piinephales nolalus {from Fishes of Illinois). 



H. plumbea (Girard). Color uniform; rays of anal fin 7; scales 53 

 to 58; teeth hooked: Oklahoma, Arkansas River basin. 



9. Pimephales Rafinesque. Teeth 4-4, one or more hooked; upper 

 jaw protractile; dorsal fin over the ventrals, its first ray separated from 

 the rest by a membrane; size small : 2 species. 



P. promelas Raf. Fathead. Body stout; length 60 mm.; head and 

 depth 4; color olivaceous; belly yellow; a dark lateral band; dorsal fin 

 with a large black cross bar; male with a black head and with several 

 large tubercles in the spring; lateral line variable, being nearly wanting 

 or complete; rays of dorsal fin 1,7; anal 7; scales 8 or 9-43 to 47-6; body 

 short and deep : Lake Champlain to Montana, southward to Tennessee 

 and the Rio Grande; common in sluggish brooks, especially in the 

 Missouri basin. 



P. nolalus (Raf.). Blunt nose (Fig. 33). Length loomm.; head4.5; 

 depth 5; color olivaceous; sides bluish, with a dark stripe; a dark spot 

 towards the base of the dorsal fin; rays of the dorsal fin 1,8; anal 7; 

 scales 6-45-4: Quebec to Dakota, southward to Alabama and Arkansas; 

 very common in small streams west of the Alleghanies. 



