8o VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE UNITED STATES 



spot at the base of the tail fin; fins bright yellow with white tips; scales 

 6-38-3: Alabama basin; common. 



N. u'hipplii (Gir.) Silver-fin. Length 100 mm.; head 4.3; depth 

 4.6; color silvery, being bluish in the male; edges of scales dusky; a 

 large black spot on the upper posterior part of the dorsal fin; paired 

 fins white; scales 5-35 to 40-3: Lakes Champlain and Oregon to 

 Minnesota; southward to Alabama and Arkansas; abundant in clear 

 streams. 



N. galacturus (Cope). Length 150 mm.; head and depth 4.3; color 

 steel blue above; a black blotch on the hinder rays of the dorsal fin; 

 caudal fin yellow at base ; scales 6-4 1 -3 : Ozark region to Georgia and South 

 Carolina; abundant in mountain streams. 



N. camiinis (J. & M.). Length 100 mm.; head 4.3; depth 3.5; 

 color as in N. whipplii; rays of anal fin 9; scales 6-38-4: Arkansas, 

 Kansas and southwestern Missouri; not rare. 



N. xcenurus (Jord.). Length 75 mm.; head 4; depth 3.75; color 

 steel blue; a faint caudal spot; fins crimson in males; upper hinder part 

 of dorsal fin black; rays of anal fin 10; scales 6-39-3: Altamaha basin, 

 Georgia; common. 



N. hypselopterus (Giinther). Length 60 mm.; head 4.25; depth 4; 

 color silvery; dorsal and anal fins very high, the former with a black 

 blotch posteriorly, the latter with 11 rays; a black spot at the base of 

 the tail fin ; scales 6-35-3 • southern Georgia and Alabama. 



N . pyrrhomelas (Cope). Length 80 mm.; head 4; depth 3.75; color 

 dark steel blue, abruptly white below; head reddish; dorsal fin very high, 

 dusky at base, with a black blotch above and red in front; anal fin large 

 and with 10 rays; tail fin very broad, pale at base and tip and with dark 

 and scarlet cross bands; scales 6-35-3: Santee basin, South Carolina; 

 very common. 



A^. cornutiis (Mitchill). Common shiner; redfin; dace (Fig. 36). 

 Length 125 to 200 mm.; head 4; depth 3.3 to 4.4; teeth 2, 4-4, 2; 

 color dark steel blue above, silvery on the sides and belly; forward part 

 of body tuberculate and lower fins and belly salmon pink in spring males; 

 a dark shade behind the shoulder; rays of anal fin 9; scales 6-37 to 40-3; 

 body short, compressed; lateral line decurved: entire region east of the 

 Rockies except the Atlantic coast region south of the Neuse River and 

 Texas; very common in small streams; very variable. 



N. cerasinus (Cope). Shiner. Length 100 mm.; scales 6-37-3; 

 sides marked with irregular cross bars, otherwise like N. cornutus; 

 colors very brilliant: basin of the Roanoke, in mountain brooks. 



