FISHES 131 



band; rays of dorsal fins XII to XIV- 13 to 15; anal I, 12 to 14; scales 7 to 

 10-98-10 {St, to 85 in specimens from Alabama) : southern Indiana and 

 Illinois to Alabama and Arkansas, in swift streams. 



II. Ammocrypta Jordan. Similar to Crystallaria, but with very 

 protractile premaxillaries: 2 species, both of which have the habit of 

 burying themselves in the sand. 



A. pcllucida (Baird). Sand darter (Fig. 60). Length 75 mm.; head 

 4 to 4.75; depth 7 to 8.5; body translucent; nose very sharp; a series of 

 small spots along the back and another along each side; cheek and oper- 

 cle scaly; rays of dorsal fins X-io; anal I, 8 to 10; scales 67 to 78: Lake 



Fig. 60. — Ammocrypta pellucida (from Fishes of Illinois). 



Erie to Minnesota; southward to Kentucky and Texas; common in 

 clear, sandy streams. 



Subspecies of A . pellucida 



A. p. clara Jordan & Meek. Nuchal region and sides naked 

 anteriorly: Mississippi Valley. 



A. p. vivax Hay. A dusky bar across the base of the dorsal fin: 

 Mississippi to Arkansas and Texas. 



A. heani Jord. Length 60 mm.; head 3.75; depth 7.5; color trans- 

 lucent, without bars or spots; anterior dorsal fin spotted; rays of dorsal 

 fins VIII to X-io or 11; anal I, 9 or 10; scales 65; head and body naked, 

 except the caudal peduncle: Alabama to Louisiana; common in pine 

 woods. 



12. loa Jordan & Brayton. Similar to Ammocrypta, but with 2 

 spines in the anal fin : 2 species. 



/. vitrea (Cope). Length 50 mm.; head 4 to 4.5; depth 7 to 7.5; 

 color translucent, with small dark spots on the back and sides; rays of 

 dorsal fins VII to IX-ii to 14; anal II, 6 to 9; scales 50 to 62; belly 

 partly naked: eastern Virginia and North Carolina; common. 



13. Etheostoma Rafinesque. Darters. Body mostly elongate and 

 brightly colored; premaxillaries not protractile; mouth mostly terminal; 

 top of head naked; belly scaled like the sides; fins large; anal fin with 

 2 spines; pyloric caeca 3 or 4; lateral line straight; ventral fins usually 



