132 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE UNITED STATES 



close together : numerous species of very small fishes, many very variable, 

 which live in small clear streams, largely in mountain regions, in the 

 eastern and central States. 



Key to the Species of Etheostoma 



ai Lateral line complete; species mostly in the basin of the upper 

 Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, 

 bi Ventral fins separated by a distinct space. 



Ci Anal fin about as large as the posterior dorsal E. variatum. 



C2 Anal fin much smaller than the posterior dorsal, 

 di Head entirely naked. 



ei Scales in the lateral line 48 to 57 E. swannanoa. 



ti Scales in the lateral line 40 to 48 E. thalassimmi. 



d2 Cheeks and opercles scaly E. zonale. 



h» Ventral fins near together. 



Ci- Opercles and cheeks naked E. camurmn. 



C2 Opercles scaly; cheeks naked, 

 di Scales in lateral hne 56 to 63. 



Ci Color dark olive; throat blue E. maciilatum. 



e2 Color yellowish E. cinereum. 



do Scales in the lateral line about 45. • 



Ci Nape naked E. ritfilineahim. 



t2 Nape scaly E. jordani. 



an Lateral line more or less incomplete; ventrals close together; 

 species mostly in the Mississippi basin, 

 bi No black spot on shoulder. 

 C\ Cheeks and opercles scaly, 

 di Breast naked. 



Ci Scales in the lateral line 55 to 63 E. iowce. 



62 Scales in the lateral line 47 to 55. 



fi Lateral line almost complete . . E. jessm: 



U Lateral line extending to beneath the second 



dorsal fin E. luteovinctum. 



d2 Breast scaly ....£. squamiceps. 



C2 Cheeks naked; opercles scaly E. caruleuni. 



b2 A black spot on the shoulder. 



Ci GUI membranes scarcely connected. 



di Scales in lateral line 63 to 80 E. punctulatuin. 



d2 Scales in lateral line 46 to 55 E. cragini. 



C2 GUI membranes broadly connected across isthmus. 



di Lower jaw scarcely projecting E. whipplii. 



do Lower jaw strongly projecting E. flahellarc. 



E. variatum Kirtland. Body moderately elongate; head short and 

 blunt and very rugose; length 100 mm.; head 3.5 to 4.4; depth 4.8 to 5.5; 

 color greenish; sides and belly orange, with 5 bands posteriorly; anterior 

 dorsal fin with a blue band; female paler; fins very large; rays of dorsal 



