AMPHIBIANS 163 



P. ruber (Sonnini). Red salamander (Fig. 78). Body rather stout 

 and dark salmon red in color, with numerous black spots, very large 

 specimens often showing more black than red; length 140 mm.; tail 

 53 mm.; costal grooves 16: eastern States from Maine to Florida; 

 westward to Louisiana, Illinois and Wisconsin; very common. 



Subspecies of P. ruber 



P. r. ruber {Sonnim) . Spots of adult running together; chin blackish: 

 eastern States; New York and Indiana to northern Georgia and 

 Mississippi. 



P. r. schencki (Brimley). Spots of adult separate; chin black: 

 mountains of North Carolina. 



P. r. nitidus Dunn. Spots of adult separate; no black on the chin or 

 on the hinder half of the tail; length 97 mm.; tail 36 mm. : mountains of 

 Virginia and North Carolina. 



13. Eurycea Ralinesque. (Spelerpes Rafinesque.) Body elongate, 

 mostly yellow or orange in color; tail long and compressed; vomerine 

 teeth separate from the parasphenoid (Fig. 80); tongue free all round, 

 being attached by a slender pedicle only (Fig. 77) : 7 species. 



Key to the Species of Eurycea 



ai Digits on hind leg 5. 

 bi Color yellow. 



Ci Tail with longitudinal stripes. 



di Tail with 2 lateral and no dorsal stripes E. bislineata. 



do Tail with 2 lateral and i dorsal stripe E. guUolineata. 



Co Tail barred E. longicauda. 



hi Color orange; tail spotted E. lucifuga. 



ba Color black or brown. 



Ci Costal grooves 13; color black E. melanopleura. 



Co Costal grooves 20; color brown .E. multiplicata. 



Ho Digits on hind leg 4 E. quadridigitata. 



E. bislineata (Green) (Fig. 79). Body small, yellow above and below, 

 with a dark line along each side of the back; length 72 mm. ; tail 40 mm. ; 

 costal grooves 14 or 15; digits very long: northern New England to 

 Florida; westward to Lake Superior and Louisiana; very common. 



Subspecies of E. bislineata 



E. b. bislineata (Green). Costal grooves 15 : northern New England 

 to Indiana; southward to Virginia and Tennessee. 



E. b. cirrigera (Green). Sides dusky, with white dots below the 

 lateral band; costal grooves 14; upper lip of male with cirri: North 

 Carolina to Louisiana. 



