. AMPHIBIANS 169 



length 40 mm.; length of hind leg 59 mm. : western Washington, central 

 Oregon and northern California. 



Family 2. Pelobatidae. — Spadefoot toads. Body of medium size; 

 head broad and short; eyes prominent; maxillary teeth present; heel 

 with a prominent spur which is used in digging: 5 genera and 70 species, 

 in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions; i genus in the United States. 



Scaphiopus Holbrook. Body toad-hke; tympanum present; hind 

 feet partly webbed; vomerine teeth present: 4 species, all in the United 

 States. 



Key to the Species of Scaphiopus 



ai In the eastern and Gulf States; parotoid glands and tympanum 



distinct 5. holbrooki. 



aa In the western States; parotoid glands and tympanum indistinct. 



bi In the Pacific States and eastward to Texas and Dakota 5. hammondi. 



ho In Texas and along the Mexican border 5. couchi. 



S. hurteri. 



S. holbrooki (HsiTlsin). Common spadefoot (Fig. 82). Body either 

 smooth or covered with small tubercles and brown, yellowish or greenish 

 in color, sometimes with a 

 curved yellow line extending 

 back from the shoulder; belly 

 dirty white; iris golden; length 

 68 mm. ; hind leg 76 mm. : eastern 

 States from Massachusetts to 

 Florida; Gulf States and Texas, 

 and northward into Arkansas; 

 common, but rarely seen because 

 it spends the day in a hole in the 

 ground which it digs with its 

 hind feet, emerging in the night- 

 time to feed. 



S. hammondi Baird. Body 

 brown or gray in color, often with several irregular dorsal stripes of 

 hghter color; tubercles with red; throat of male black; length 60 mm.; 

 hind leg 70 mm. : western America from the Pacific eastward into Texas 

 and Dakota. 



S. couchi Baird. Body greenish or brownish in color, mottled with 

 lighter; belly whitish; dorsal surface with black tubercles, which are 

 sometimes yellow on the hinder parts of the back and legs; length 60 

 mm.; hind leg 60 mm.: Texas to Arizona. 



Fig. 82. — a. Left side of the head of the 

 spadefoot toad, b, Hind foot of spadefoot: i, 

 spur (from Surface). 



