MAMMALS 



321 



% 



ground burrows in which they raise several broods a year, each number- 

 ing from 3 to 8 young; they feed on seeds, roots, etc., and lay up stores 

 for winter use. 



E. gapperi (Vigors) (Fig. 173). Color bright chestnut above; sides 

 buff, sharply defined from the color of the back; length 140 mm.; tail 

 40 mm.; hind foot 18 mm.: Canada and northern United States; 

 southward into the Pennsylvania mountains; westward 

 to eastern Oregon; in cool forests and swamps. 



Subspecies of E. gapperi 



E. g. gapperi (Vigors). Pennsylvania to Canada; 

 westward to the Rockies. 



E. g. ochraceus Miller. Color pale rusty rufous: 

 Upper Boreal zone of White Mountains, New Hamp- 

 shire and eastward. 



E. g. rhoadsi Stone. Ears large, projecting con- 

 spicuously above the fur; color dark chestnut; skull 

 and teeth heavy : southern New Jersey to New York. 



E. g. loringi Bailey. Size very small; colors bright: 

 Minnesota and eastern Dakotas, along the edge of 

 timbered valleys. 



E. g. galei Merriam. Size larger; colors darker: 

 Boreal zone of Colorado to northern Montana. 



E. g. saturatus Rhoads. Size larger; colors Hghter: 

 Blue Mountains, Oregon; northern Idaho. 



E. carolinensis Merr. Color dark chestnut, fading 

 into lighter; length 150 mm.; tail 45 mm.; hind foot 

 21 mm. : mountain forests of the southern Alleghenies. 



E. brevicaudus Merr. Color pale reddish, mixed with black; belly 

 cream; length 125 mm.; tail 31 mm.; hind foot 19 mm.: Black Hills; 

 Boreal zone. 



E. idahoensis Merr. Color pale hazel, lined with black; length 

 153 mm.; tail 48 mm.; hind foot 20 mm.: mountains of south-central 

 Idaho. 



E. mazama Merr. Color cinnamon rufous; length 157 mm.; tail 

 52 mm.; hind foot 18 mm.: crest of the Cascades in Oregon. 



E. obsciirus Merr. Color olive gray above; length 155 mm.; tail 47 

 mm.; hind foot 17 mm.: eastern Oregon and northeastern California. 



E. californicus Merr. Color sepia above, dark chestnut on the back; 

 length 161 mm.; tail 50 mm.; hind foot 21 mm.: coast of Oregon and 

 northern California. 



Fig. 173.- — Evoto- 

 mys gapperi (after 

 Stone CT' Cram). 



