MAMMALS 



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Z. monianus Merriam. Color dark ochraceous buff; dorsal area 

 sharply defined; tail sharply bicolor; length 228 mm.; tail 135 mm.; 

 hind foot 31 mm.: Cascade Range in Oregon. 



Z. orarius Preble. Color dark ochraceous, dorsal 

 area and lower parts strongly suffused with the color 

 of the sides; length 220 mm.; tail 127 mm.; hind foot 

 30 mm.: coast from Point Reyes to Mad River, 

 California. 



Z. pacific us Merr. Color similar to Z. orarius; 

 length 225 mm.; tail 141 mm.; hind foot 31 mm.: south- 

 western Oregon and northern California. 



2. Napaeozapus Preble. Similar to Zapus, but 

 without premolars: i species. 



N. insignis (Miller) (Fig. 178). Color of sides yel- 

 lowish buff; back dark; belly white; tip of tail white; 

 length 238 mm.; tail 146 mm.; hind foot 31 mm.: Nova 

 Scotia to Maryland; westward to Lake Superior; in 

 deep forests, near streams. 



Subspecies of N. insignis 



N. i. roanensis (Preb.). Smaller and darker: 

 Roan Mountain, North Carolina. 



Family 5. Erethizontidae. — Porcupines. Large, 

 short-legged rodents with long, stiff spines or quills 

 mingling wdth the coarse hair; feet plantigrade; dentition 

 i/i, 0/0, I /i, 2)l2>] molars with long roots: 3 genera, of 

 which 2 are tropical; habits arboreal and nocturnal. 



Erethizon F. Cuvier. Tail short and thick and not 

 prehensile; toes 4 in front, 5 behind: 2 species. 



E. dorsatum (L.). Common porcupine; hedgehog. 

 Color uniform blackish; quills tipped with white; length 

 900 mm.; tail 150 mm.; hind foot 90 mm.; quills 50 to 

 100 mm. long and mostly concealed by the fur; average 

 weight 18 lbs.; maximum weight 40 lbs.: northeastern 

 America; Lower Hudsonian, Canadian and Upper 

 Ta nsition zones; westward to the Great Plains. Por- 

 cupines climb trees for bark and twigs, which they feed 

 on, but they are clumsy climbers and live mostly on 

 the ground, nesting in holes among the rocks; from i 

 to 4 young raised annually; they do not hibernate. 



Fig. 178. — Nap- 

 cBozapus insignis 

 ( aft er Stone b" 

 Cram). 



