MAMMALS 365 



length 1,585 mm.; tail 265 mm.; height at shoulder 880 mm.: south- 

 western Texas and Mexico. 



0. crooki (Mearns). Crook's black-tail deer. Color reddish fawn; 

 tail long, flattened, black above and white beneath; length 1,440 mm.; 

 tail 195 mm.; height at shoulder 650 mm.: mountains of western New 

 Mexico and of Arizona. 



0. couesi (Coues & Yarrow) . Arizona white-tail. Color pale fawn 

 or gray above; sides tawny or brownish; tail white beneath; size small; 

 height at shoulder 812 mm.; ear without black edge: southwestern 

 New Mexico and southern Arizona. 



0. hemlonus (Raf.). Mule deer (Fig. 184). Color dull yellowish or 

 taw^ny in the summer and gray in the winter, with a dark brown patch 

 on the forehead; rump and tail white, the latter with a black tip; body 

 heavy; ears very long; length 1,950 mm.; tail 205 mm.; height at 

 shoulder 1,000 mm.; average weight 200 lbs.; length of antler along 

 the curve 600 mm. : mountains and high plateaus of the west from 

 North Dakota to Texas and into Mexico; westward into Washington, 

 Oregon and California; number of young at a birth 2 or 3. 



Subspecies of O. hemionus 



0. h. calif ornicus (Caton). Size large; a dark middorsal stripe 

 present: Coast Range south of San Francisco. 



0. h. canus Merriam. Smaller and paler: southwestern Texas, New 

 Mexico and Arizona. 



0. //. eremicus (Mearns). Size large; color very pale: head of the 

 Gulf of California. 



0. columhianus (Richardson). Black-tail deer (Fig. 184). Color 

 brownish gray, darkest on the back; tail black above, white beneath; 

 body stocky; ears large; length 1,780 mm.; tail 190 mm.; height at 

 shoulders 863 mm. : coastal forests from Alaska to central California. 



3. Alces Jardine. Moose. Size very large; antlers borne by the 

 male alone and broadly palmate with numerous prongs projecting 

 upwards; muzzle very broad, with a very convex contour; upper lip 

 long and prehensile; legs very long; shoulders higher than the hips; tail 

 very small; dentition 0/4, 0/0, T)!^^ s/s- 3 species, circumpolar; 2 

 species in America. 



A. americanus Jard. Color black above, dark reddish brown on the 

 sides; gray beneath; legs below the knees gray; a mane of stiff hairs on 

 the neck; a pendent brush of hair called the "bell" on the throat; 

 length 2,190 mm.; tail 280 mm.; height at shoulders 1,800 mm.; weight 

 800-1,200 lbs.: forests of North America from northern Maine and New 



