366 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Brunswick to northern Michigan and North Dakota; northward to 

 Hudson Bay and Alaska; in the Rockies into Montana and Idaho; 

 a near relative of the European elk, A. alces. 



4. Rangifer H. Smith. Antlers large and borne by both sexes, 

 palmate near the tips; one or both brow-prongs palmate and extending 

 over the face ; dentition o /4, o /o, 3 /3 , 3 /3 ; legs and tail short : 1 2 species, 

 I in Asia and Europe, the reindeer R. tarandus (L.), and 11 in northern 

 America which range throughout the Canadian, Hudsonian and Arctic 

 zones; 2 species in the United States. 



R. caribou (Gmelin). Woodland caribou. Color dark brown, 

 sometimes reddish, on the back, head, sides and outsides of legs; under 

 parts, rump and a band around each foot pure white; in winter, neck 

 white, body gray; length 1,800 mm.; weight 280 lbs.; height at shoulders 

 1,000 mm. : forests of northern Maine and New Brunswick; northward to 

 Great Slave Lake and Hudson Bay; much less gregareous than the 

 Barren-ground caribou {R. arcticus Richardson), which ranges over 

 the Arctic barrens to beyond the Arctic Circle. 



R. montanus Seton. Color dark brown; under parts grayish white; 

 length 2,413 mm.; tail 177 mm.; height at shoulders 1,397 mm.: Rocky 

 Mountain region from Alaska into Idaho. 



2. Cavicomia. Ruminants with hollow horns, composed of horn, 

 in both sexes, which are never shed, except in Antilocapra: 2 families. 



Key to the Families of Cavicornia 



ai Horns branched i. Ant ilocapr idee. 



a.2 Horns not branched 2. Bovidcr. 



Family i. Antilocapridae. Antelopes with erect horns, each with 

 a short branch in front, which are shed each summer; ears long and 

 pointed; lateral hoofs absent, digits 3 and 4 only present; dentition 

 0/4, 0/0, 7,/s, sis- I genus. 



Antilocapra Ord. With the characters of the family: i species. 



A. americana (Ord.). Prong-horn antelope. Color light yellowish 

 brown; under parts, rump, sides of head and spot behind ears white; 

 length 1 ,350 mm. ; tail 1 78 mm. ; height at shoulder 850 mm. ; weight 125 

 lbs.; length of horns 250 mm.: Great Plains from the Saskatchewan into 

 Mexico; westward to the Rockies and into eastern Oregon and north- 

 eastern California; number of young at a birth usually 2. 



Family 2. Bovidae. — Cattle; sheep; goats; antelopes. Ruminants 

 with unbranched horns, in most cases in both sexes, which are not shed; 

 lateral hoofs usually present: numerous species, mostly in Asia and 



