108 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
of the red-salmon fisheries of Bristol Bay. This investigation con- 
sisted of two distinct parts, one dealing with the marine factors 
influencing the migration of the salmon and their availability to the 
commercial fishery, and the other dealing with the fresh-water life 
history and survival of the young in the lakes and streams. 
Biological data concerning the red salmon were collected at Chignik 
and Copper River stations, as in past years. Studies carried on at 
Karluk River and Little Port Walter gave further insight into the 
natural factors that influence the abundance and survival of the 
salmon. 
The studies concerning the influence of predatory trout at Karluk 
River and neighboring streams on Kodiak Island were continued. 
The tagging of these trout shows that they do not have the high degree 
of homing characteristics of salmon, but they wander back and forth 
between the streams on Kodiak Island. 
Through the efforts of the C. C. C. workers, as directed by the 
Forest Service, the station at Little Port Walter was greatly improved 
by the construction of tr ails to the headwaters of the stream and of a 
dock with floating mooring for the accommodation of large boats 
that visit the field station. The Forest Service also used the stock 
of acclimated rainbow trout in Sashin Lake, one of the lakes at the 
head of the stream, for transplantation in many lakes on Baranof 
Island, and also for a stock sent to Fairbanks. 
The collection, compilation, and analysis of the records of daily 
catches of salmon throughout Alaska by the principal types of fishing 
apparatus were continued i in 1938 and, as in previous years, provided 
information as to the fluctuations in abundance and time of appear- 
ance of the runs in various districts. Considerable effort was made 
also in securing additional historic material and records on the 
fisheries of Bristol Bay in connection with the newly developed investi- 
gation of the red salmon in this area. The information secured from 
this work, as in previous years, was used in recommendations for 
changes in the fishery regulations throughout the Territory for prop- 
erly conserving salmon populations. 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ESCAPEMENT OF SALMON 
The so-called ‘‘White Act’’ of June 6, 1924, established the inten- 
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tion and policy of Congress that not less than 50 percent of the - 
salmon runs in Alaskan waters should be permitted to escape. In 
certain representative streams counting weirs are operated to ac- 
curately fulfill this requirement. Where the operation of weirs is not 
feasible the development of runs is closely observed so that regula- 
tions may be modified during the season if necessary, to secure the 
most desirable spawning escapement. There follows a general sum- 
ree of salmon runs and escapement in each of the fishing areas of 
Alaska. 
Southeastern Alaska.—The late appearance of pink salmon runs in 
southeastern Alaska was characteristic of the even-year cycle of this 
species in recent years. A prolonged dry season in August, and the 
consequent low level of streams, retarded the ascent of salmon to 
spawning areas, but heavy rains after the first of September relieved 
this condition in all districts. The fall survey of spawning grounds 
was hampered in many cases by the swollen condition of streams. 
