SYMPETRUM 239 
off her eggs. They fly backward a little bit as they rise. Thus they 
swing obliquely, up and down, many times in the same place. 
Some eggs obtained in September at Ithaca hatched the following 
January, having been kept the while in a laboratory of the normal tem- 
perature. Doubtless under normal conditions they do not hatch be- 
fore spring. 
Dr. Calvert (’26, pp. 185-190) has studied the disappearance of this 
species in autumn at a pond in the Botanical Garden of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. He says that ‘‘The bright red abdomen of the 
male lends a brilliant touch of color on sunny days of September and 
of the two following months. The duller brown of the female renders 
her less conspicuous.’ Observations made over 20 years give 
the latest data for the appearance of this species on the wing as 
ranging from October 17th to November 23rd. It survived minimum 
daily temperatures, once as low as 29°F, twice as low as 32°F. 
Mr. F. R. Nevin has raised vicinum from eggs, laid on October 1 
by females from this same pond,. which hatched, in doors, from Nov. 
28 to Jan. 4 and yielded imagos on May 38 to May 10, after 11 larval 
instars. 
The nymphs are rather daintily colored with bands of black across 
the head including the eyes, around the femora, and across the middle 
of the abdominal segments. They clamber about amid the aquatic 
vegetation. 
221. Sympetrum costiferum Hagen 
Hag. ’61, p. 174: Mtk. Cat. p. 161: Ris’11, p. 692: Wmsn. ’14, p. 456: Howe ’20, 
yp. 61: Garm. 727, p. 271: 
Length 37 mm. Expanse 60 mm. Me. and N. Y. to B. C. and Kans., Ga.? 
Another reddish species with blackish abdomen. Face, vertex and occiput 
reddish, the black cross stripe before the vertex includes both lateral and middle 
ocelli. Thorax olivaceous brown or rufous. without pattern, clothed with pale 
short pubescence. Legs pale to knees and on tibiae externally; spines and tarsi 
black. Wings hyaline with a faint flavescent tinge across extreme base and a 
long radial vein; stigma tawny with black bordering veins. Abdomen olive 
brown or rufous, suffused with black along the sides to form an inferior lateral 
stripe, and sometimes along the dorsum also of segments 4-9. Pattern very 
obscure. Appendages obscure reddish. 
Kennedy (’15) says “I have seen thousands of this species on a 
telephone wire for a stretch of a mile and all facing the same way.” 
222. Sympetrum danae Sulzer 
Sulzer 1776, p. 169: Mtk. Cat. p. 163 Ris ’11. p. 646: Howe ’20, p. 80: Garm. 
427, p, 2701; 
