Hepitryv—Ox Parmacochlea Fischert, Smith. 203 
white, shelly, supplementary plate connects it; fringed around the circumference by 
a short, thin, membranous, epidermal margin. The suture of the last whorl is 
margined and overlies the anterior edge of the supplementary plate, being contorted 
on reaching it. Nuclear shell submarginal; viewed from beneath it resembles a 
slipper having the apex for a toe. The hard calcareous wall of the apical pouch is 
continued along beneath the suture of the last whorl, dividing the interior of the shell 
into two chambers, the smaller of which is roofed by the supplementary plate. Deep 
within the nuclear shell appears a twisted columella, whose position is marked on the 
exterior wall by a groove. The shell appears to have pursued its erratic course from 
the earliest infancy; when freshly hatched the appearance of the shell might elucidate 
the history of the development of the species. 
Jaw rather straight, flat and smooth, obtusely keeled in the centre, keel 
terminating below in a rounded median beak, above emarginate, ends rather square. 
The radula is in shape a parallelogram, measuring 44 by 14mm. and consisting 
of 152 rows of 54: 20:1 :20:54; the laterals squarely cross the membrane in a 
waved line; from them the marginals curve outwardly and anteriorly. Rachidian : 
basal plate a third longer than broad, anterior and posterior margins straight, lateral 
ones bent inwards, causing the general outline to resemble that of an hour-glass ; 
reflection the breadth of the base, divided a little posterior to the basal constriction 
into three cusps, the central and largest being lanceolate, surpassing by half its length 
the basal margin, the outer cusps a quarter the length of the parent, dentate and 
furnished with considerable cutting points. Laterals rather larger than the rachidian : 
basal plate sinuate, a proximal projection fitting into the constriction of the rachidian’s 
basal plate, the posterior proximal angle suppressed, the alate or distal one moderately 
developed; reflection with the inner cusp suppressed, the site marked by a slight 
projection, the main and distal accessory cusps well developed. About four irregular 
teeth are transitional, to which succeed the marginals, numerous, inclined, slender, 
sinuate, cusp bicapitate, base distal, roughly triangular, its posterior angle sometimes 
appearing like a third cusp to its second neighbour. A considerable portion of the 
viscera is lodged in a cavity excavated in the substance of the foot; in this respect 
Parmacochlea advances nearer to the condition of Limax than do Cystopelta or 
Parmella. The genital system resembles on the whole that of the Helicarion figured 
by Col. Godwin-Austen, “Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India,” Pl. xt. figs. 8, 8a, 
but varies from it much in detail. In addition to a “kalk sac” similar to £ of the 
figure quoted, a second cecum exists close to the attachment of the retractor muscle, 
distinguished as 4 in my figure. The apparatus is further remarkable for the 
excessive multiplication of the convolutions of the vas deferens, which form an 
intricate mass spread along the base of the duct of the spermatheca. The latter is 
comparatively short and wide, supporting a large globose head. 
