CONTENTS. XV 



them in Water — Sinking them in Piles — Wood-eating — Evidence that 

 they eat Clear Wood — Brush-heap at Lodge — Restricted to Particu- 

 lar Places — Their Use — Ponds in Winter — Winter Life of Beavers... 166 



CHAPTER VII. 



BEAVEE CANALS, MEADOWS, AND TRAILS. 



Beaver Canals — Their Extraordinary Character — Originated by Neces- 

 sity — Their Uses — Evidences of their Artificial Character — Canals 

 at Natural Pond — Their Form and Appearance — Canal on Carp 

 River — Use of Dams in same — Canal Across Bend of Esconauba — 

 Same across Island in Pond — Beaver Meadows — How formed — Their 

 Extent — Beaver Slides on Upper Missouri — Scenery on this River — 

 Bluffs of Indurated Clay — Bad Lands — White Walls — Game — Con- 

 nection of River Systems with Spread of Beavers 191 



CHAPTER VIIL 



MODE OF TRAPPING BEAVER. 



Other Habits of the Beaver — Indications of Age — Tame Beavers — Nursed 

 by Indian Women — Building and Repairing Dams — Great Beaver 

 Districts — Hudson's Bay Company — American Fur Company — Pri- 

 vate Adventurers — The Steel Trap — Trapping Season — Trapping at 

 the Dam — At the Lodge — Traps sprung — Whether the Beaver when 

 caught bites off his Fore Foot — Trapping under the Ice — Catching 

 in a Pen — Trapping Bank Beavers — Catching in Burrows — Trap- 

 pers as a Class — Custom of hanging up Skulls— Statistics of Fur 

 Trade — Early and Recent Exportations — Immense Numbers of 

 Beavers 218 



CHAPTER IX 



ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY. 



Inquiries proposed — Whether the Mutes possess a Mental Principle — 

 Whether its Qualities are similar to those manifested by the Human 

 Mind — Whether the Differences are of Degree, or of Kind — Consider- 

 ations from Structural Organization — The Principle of Life — Memory 

 — Reason — Imagination — The Will — Appetites and Passions — Lu- 

 nacy of Animals — General Conclusions 248 



APPENDICES. 



A. — Notes to Chapter II 287 



B. — Samuel Hearne's Account of the Beaver 306 



C. — Bennett's Article on the Beaver 317 



