XIV CONTENTS. 



plus Water — Artistic Appearance of this Dam — Necessity for Contin- 

 uous Repairs — Measurements — Cubic Contents — Photograph — Man- 

 ner of taking same — Relation of Dam below — Same of one above — 

 Manner of Repairing Dams 78 



CHAPTER IV. 



BEAVER DAMS. — (CONTINUED.) 



Solid-bank Dams — Places where constructed — No Dams in deep 

 Water — AVhere impossible, the Beavers inhabit River Banks — De- 

 scription of Solid-bank Dam — Opening for Surplus Water — Pond 

 confined to River Banks — Similar Dam with Hedge — Fallen-tree 

 Dam — Use of Tree accidental — Spring Rill Dam — Series of Dams 

 on the Carp — Dams in a ^Gorge — Lake Outlet Dams — High Dam — 

 Long Dam — Description of same — Manner of Photographing same 

 — Dams in other Districts of North America — Petrified Beaver Dams 

 in Montana 104 



CHAPTER V. 



BEAVER LODGES AND BURROWS. 



Habits of Beaver — Our Knowledge limited — Indians and Trappers as 

 Observers — Source of Bufifon's Extravagant Statements — Disposi- 

 tion of Beavers to pair — The Family — Outcast Beaver — Beaver Mi- 

 grations — Adaptation to Aquatic Life — Suspension of Respiration — 

 Length of Time — Artifice of Musk-Rat — Burrowing Propensities — 

 Varieties of the Beaver Lodge — Island Lodge at Grass Lake — Size 

 and Form — Chamber — Floor — Wood Entrance — Beaver Entrance — 

 Their Artistic Character — Bank Lodge — Mode of Construction — 

 Chambei' — Entrances — Another Variety of Bank Lodge — Chamber 

 and Entrances — Nature of Floor — Lake Lodge — Differences from 

 other Varieties — False Lodge of Upper Missouri — Lodges Single 

 Chambered — Burrows — Their Form, Size, and Uses — Examples, with 

 Measurements — Number of Beavers to the Lodge — Number of Lodges 

 to the Pond 132 



CHAPTER VI. 



' SUBSISTENCE OF BEAVERS. 



Subsistence exclusively Vegetable — Kinds of Bark preferred — Roots 

 of Plants — Incisive Teeth Chisels — Their cutting Power — It dimin- 

 ishes with Age — Provisions for Winter — Season for collecting — Fell- 

 ing Trees — Their Size — Number of Beavers engaged — Manner of 

 cutting — Chips — Short Cuttings — Moving them on Land — Floating 



