ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY. 257 



III. Memory. The mind is known by its qualities 

 exclusively. 



As a principle, or essence, it is not divisible into 

 parts, or faculties, or organs, each having an independ- 

 ent existence. "The utmost ingenuity," says Aber- 

 crombie, "has not been able to advance a step beyond 

 the fact that the mind remembers, reasons, imagines; 

 and there we must rest contented." 



It cannot for a moment be doubted that the animal 

 mind remembers, and that it displays this quality as 

 purely and as absolutely as the human mind. Memory, 

 then, must be conceded to be one of its qualities. Its 

 quickness or slowness, its retentiveness or weakness, 

 are wholly immaterial. It is sufficient that the animal 

 mind is able to recall a former perception, or previously 

 known fact, and to have treasured it during the inter- 

 val. The inference that follows from the recognized 

 possession of a principle capable of remembering is 

 very important. Memory is one of the qualities by 

 which the existence of the human mind is demon- 

 strated. By the same quality the existence of a cor- 

 responding principle in the mutes is also estabHshed. 

 If a comparison of the two acts of remembrance show 

 them to be in all respects similar, then the two prin- 

 ciples of which they are manifestations are, inferen- 

 tially, the same in kind. The difference is indeed im- 

 mense between the memory of a familiar object, or 

 even of a series of antecedent facts, which a mute 

 may exhibit, and that powerful memory in man, 

 which not only is able to hold the facts of universal 

 knowledge, but also to reproduce the process of reas- 

 oning, by which the great truths of science have been 

 demonstrated. This difference, however, is immate- 



n 



