DR. w. w. Ely's notes on chapter ii. 295 



" § 3. Lateral aspect of the beaver skull. 



"A comparison in profile of the two European skulls mentioned 

 above (Nos. 55 and 186 Kiew), with a skull of equal size of the 

 Kupriauow skeleton, gave the following results : 



" 1. As has already been mentioned above, a straight line drawn 

 from the anterior extremity of the nasal bone to the crista occip- 

 italis, shows no essential difference between the American (of 

 Kuprianow) and the two European skulls of corresponding size. 

 The same result is also furnished by a comparison of all the other 

 European and American skulls. 



" 2. The zygomatic process of the superior maxillary appears 

 on the external surface of that portion lying up near the superior 

 maxillary process of the malar bone, in the European at least half 

 as broad, generally more than half as broad as the adjacent end 

 of the superior maxillary process of the malar bone, and in fact 

 even in the younger specimens (also in No. 57 Kiew, and in our 

 Lapland skulls). 



"In all of the three larger American skulls the zygomatic pro- 

 cess of the superior maxillary lying near the anterior and upper 

 malar bone, attains to only about one- quarter the breadth of the 

 upper end of the superior maxillary process of the malar bone, 

 and appears, at least in its middle and upper portion, only as a 

 border, a condition especially noticeable in our smallest American 

 skulls, in which even the lower end of the zygomatic process of 

 the superior maxillary appears like a border." 



In five American skulls the zygomatic process of the superior 

 maxillary equals, or exceeds in breadth, one-half the width of the 

 corresponding portion of the malar. 



"3. The nasal process of the intermaxillary of the older and 

 old European skulls, in which the posterior ends of the incisors 

 appear to extend less high than in the older American, is pro- 

 vided with a longitudinal depression of greater or less size run- 

 ning from before backward, above the posterior ends of the upper 

 incisors where they are located in the skull, which depression is 

 also present in the very young American skulls in which, in va- 

 riation from the three larger American skulls lying before me, the 

 posterior ends of the incisors go backward in a straighter direc- 

 tion than in the European skulls of different ages. 



" 4. The malar bone of the European appears in general higher 

 in the middle of its broader portion. 



