xiv CONTEXTS 



Page 



Family 2. Salmonidae (Salmon; trout) 41 



Family 3. Thymallidae (Graylings) 48 



FamDy 4. Osmeridas (Smelt) 49 



Order 2. Enchelycephali 50 



Family Anguillidae (Eels) 50 



Order 3. Eventognathi 50 



Family I. Catostomidse (Suckers; mullet; redhorse) 51 



Family 2. Cyprinidae (Minnows; carp) 60 



Order 4. Heterognathi 85 



Family Characinidse 85 



Orders. Nematognathi 85 



Family Ameiuridse (Catfish; bullheads) 85 



Order 6. Haplomi 90 



Family i. Umbridae (Mud minnows) 91 



Family 2. Esocidae (Pike and pickerel) 91 



Order 7. Cyprinodontes 93 



Family i. Cyprinodontidae (Killifish) 93 



Family 2. Poecilliidae (Top minnows) 98 



Family 3. Amblyopsidae (Blind fishes) 99 



Order 8. Salmopercae 101 



Family Percopsidae loi 



Order 9. Xenarchi loi 



FamUy I. Aphredoderidae (Pirate perch) loi 



Order 10. Synentognathi (Garpike) 102 



Family Belonidae (Billfish) 102 



Order 11. Thoracostei 102 



Family Gasterosteidae (Sticklebacks) 103 



Order 12. Anacanthini 104 



Family Gadidae (Cods) 105 



Order 13. Heterostomata (Flat-fishes) 105 



Family Soleidae (Soles) 105 



Order 14. Acanthopteri (Spiny-rayed fishes) 105 



Family i. Atherinidae (SUversides) 106 



Family 2. Elassomidae (Pigmy sunfish) 107 



Family 3. Centrarchidae (Sunfish; black bass) 107 



Family 4. Percidae (Perch) 114 



Family 5. Etheostomidae (The darters) 116 



Family 6. Moronidae (River bass) 128 



Family 7. Sciaenidae. (Drums) 129 



Order 15. Holconoti (Surf fishes) 130 



Family Embiotocidae 130 



Order 16. Cataphracti 130 



Family Cottidae (Sculpins) 131 



Order 17. Gobioidea 133 



Family Gobiidae (Gobies) i33 



CLASS 2. AMPHIBIANS i34 



History I34 



Number and distribution ■ • i35 



Key to the orders of Amphibia in the United States 135 



Order i. Caudata (Salamanders and newts) 135 



On the identification of caudate Amphibia 136 



Key to the suborders of the Caudata 137 



Suborder i. Mutabilia i37 



