AMPHIBIANS 



159 



as In the western States; parotoid glands and tympanum indistinct. 



bi In the Pacific States and eastward to Texas and Dakota 5. hammondii. 



bs In Texas and along the Mexican border 5. couchii. 



S. holhrookii (Harlan). Common spadefoot (Fig. 82). Body either 

 smooth or covered with small tubercles and brown, yellowish or greenish 

 in color, sometimes with a curved yellow line extending back from the 

 shoulder; belly dirty white; iris 

 golden; length 68 mm.; hind leg 

 76 mm.: eastern States from 

 Massachusetts to Florida; Gulf 

 States and Texas, and northward 

 into Arkansas; common, but 

 rarely seen because it spends the 

 day in a hole in the ground which 

 it digs with its hind feet, emerg- 

 ing in the night-time to feed. 



S. hammondii Baird. Body 

 brown or gray in color, often " ^ 



. 11 YiG. 82. — a. Left side of the head of the 



With several irregular dorsal spadefoot toad, b. Hind foot of spadefoot: I, 



Stripes of hghter color; tubercles ^v^^^ {from Surface). 

 with red; throat of male black; length 60 mm.; hind leg 70 mm.: west- 

 ern America from the Pacific eastward into Texas and Dakota. 



5. couchii Baird. Body greenish or brownish in color, mottled with 

 lighter; belly whitish; dorsal surface with black tubercles, which are 

 sometimes yellow on the hinder parts of the back and legs; length 

 60 mm.; hind leg 60 mm.: Texas to Arizona. 



Family 3. Bufonidae. — Toes 4-5; pectoral girdle arciferous (cora- 

 coids and precoracoids overlapping midventrally) ; presacral vertebrae' 

 8: about 100 species, in all parts of the world; 4 genera in the United 

 States. 



Key to the Genera of the Bufonidae 



ai Hind toes webbed; no teeth on upper jaw i. Bufo. 



a2 Hind toes not webbed; teeth on upper jaw; no parotoid 

 glands. 



bi Toes without disks; vomerine teeth present 2. Leptodactylns. 



bo Toes with small disks. 



Ci Vomerine teeth present 3. Eleutherodactylus. 



C2 No vomerine teeth 4. Syrrhophus. 



I. Bufo Laurenti. — Pupil horizontal; a pair of prominent longi- 

 tudinal ridges called the cranial crests lie between the eyes, which pass 

 back to or along the parotoid glands (Fig. 81); prominent plantar 



