356 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE UNITED STATES 



tail 195 mm.; height at shoulder 650 mm.: mountains of western New 

 Mexico and of Arizona; only 2 specimens ever taken. 



0. couesi (Coues and Yarrow) . Arizona white-tail. Color pale fawn 

 or gray above; sides tawny or brownish; tail white beneath; size small; 

 height at shoulder 812 mm.; ear without black edge: southwestern 

 New Mexico and southern Arizona. 



0. hemionus (Raf.). Mule deer (Fig. 184). Color dull yellowish or 

 tawny in the summer and gray in the winter, with a dark brown patch 

 on the forehead; rump and tail white, the latter with a black tip; body 

 heavy; ears very long; lengh 1,760 mm.; tail 205 mm.; height at 

 shoulder 1,000 mm.; average weight 200 lbs.; length of antler along 

 the curve 600 mm.; number of young at a birth 2 or 3: mountains and 

 high plateaus of the west from North Dakota to Texas and into Mexico; 

 westward into Washington, Oregon and California. 



Subspecies of 0. hemionus 



0. h. calif ornicus fCaton). Size smaller; a dark middorsal stripe 

 present: Coast Range south of San Francisco. 



0. h. canus Merriam. Smaller and paler: southwestern Texas, New 

 Mexico and Arizona. 



0. h. eremicus (Mearns). Size large; color very pale: deserts at 

 head of the Gulf of California. 



O. virgultus (Hallock). Smaller, darker underneath: northwestern 

 Minnesota and Canada. 



O. columhianus (Richardson). Black-tail deer (Fig. 184). Color 

 brownish gray, darkest on the back; tail black above, white beneath; 

 body stocky; ears large; length 1,650 mm.; tail 225 mm.; height at 

 shoulders 863 mm.: Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains and the 

 coastal forests from Alaska to central California. 



O. c. scaphiotus Merriam. Color paler; ears much larger: coastal 

 region from San Francisco southwards. 



3. Alces Gray. Moose. Size very large; antlers borne by the male 

 alone and broadly palmate with numerous prongs projecting upwards; 

 muzzle very broad, with a very convex contour; upper lip long and 

 prehensile; legs very long; shoulders higher than the hips; tail very 

 small; dentition 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, t^/^,'- 3 species, circumpolar; 2 species in 

 America, i in the United States. 



A. americana (Clinton). Color black above, dark reddish brown on 

 the sides; gray beneath; legs below the knees gray;' a mane of stiff hairs 

 on the neck; a pendent brush of hair called the "bell" on the throat; 

 length 2,600 mm.; tail 65 mm.; height at shoulders 1,800 mm.; weight 



