690 



INDEX 



echinoderms — 



carotenoids, 473 



commensalism, 588 



excretion, 288 



feeding, 209, 232, 233, 241 



larvae, 223 



naphthoquinone pigments, 480 



nervous system, 428 



osmotic relations, 35 



parasitism, 615 



poisons and repellents, 664 



respiration, 138 



skeleton, 631 



vascular system, 97 

 echinoids. See sea urchin 

 Echinus, 191, 233 

 E. esculentus, 480 

 Echiostoma ctenobarba, 536, 574 

 echiuroids — 



blood, 179 



feeding, 224 



haemoglobin, 184, 186 



irrigation, 169, 229 



respiration, 152, 165 

 eel, 9 



See also Anguilla 

 effector mechanisms, 365 

 eggs- 

 effect of pressure, 24 



luminescence, 540 



respiration, 156, 163 

 Eisenia, 487 

 elaeocytes, 480 

 elasmobranchs — 



chromatophores, 519 



colour changes, 519 



excretion, 290 



tapetum, 318 



urea, 290, 294 



urine formation, 301 



venomous, 665 



See also selachians 

 electrical activity, brain and ganglia, 



454 

 electric eel. 395 

 electric fish, 244, 395 

 electric organs, 395 

 electric plates, 396 

 electric ray, 396 

 electroblasts, 396 

 electrocardiogram (ECG), 107 

 electro-encephalograms, 454 

 Electrophorus, 395, 397, 398, 399, 400 

 electroretinogram, 331 

 Eledone, 111, 314, 327, 329, 334, 443 

 E. moschata, 152, 332 

 elephant seal. See Mirounga 

 Elysia viridis, 324 

 embryos, metabolism, 156 

 emergence, 3 

 Emerita, 157 

 E. talpoida, 152, 159 

 Emplectonema kandai, 541, 564 



endocrines. See hormones 

 endoecism, 583, 588 

 endopeptidases, 266 

 endophragmal skeleton, 638 

 endoskeletons, 629 

 end-plate potential, 380 

 end-plates, 380, 396 

 Enhydra lutris, 170, 247 

 Ensis, 95, 271, 272 

 E. direct us, 285 

 E. siliqua, 270 

 Enterocola, 590 

 enteropneusts, feeding, 220 



See also balanoglossids, Balanoglossus, 

 Glossobalanus 

 Enteropsis, 590 

 Entocolax, 598 

 Entoconcha, 598 

 E. mirabilis, 597 

 Entoconchidae, 248, 598 

 entoniscid parasites, 599 

 Entovalva, 247 

 enzymes — 



digestion, 265 



excretion, 293 

 Epiactis, 472 

 E. prolifera, 492 

 Epicaridea — 



feeding, 248 



parasitism, 599 

 epicaridium, 599 

 Epinephelus, 521 

 E. stria tus, 495, 497, 521 

 epiphytes, 583 

 Epizoanthus, 587 

 epizoites, 583 

 ergotoxine, 442 

 Eriocheir, 86, 299, 644 

 E. sinensis, 48, 88, 286 

 Eriphia, 638 



erythrocytes, 173, 179, 186 

 erythrophores, 505 

 eserine, 112, 113, 381, 443 

 estuaries, 6 

 Etmopterus, 573 

 Eubranchus tricolor, 497 

 Euchlora, 375 

 Eudendrium, 320 

 Eudistylia polymorpha, 422 

 Euglena, 321 

 E. limosa, 451 

 Eulalia viridis, 476 

 Eulima, 596 



Eumetopias stelleri, 179, 186 

 Eunice, 411, 662 

 Eunicella verrucosa, 492 

 Eupagurus, 23, 228, 389, 599, 663 

 E. bernhardus, 586, 589 

 E. prideauxi, 586, 587 

 E. pubescens, 586 

 Euphausia, 330, 474, 538 

 E. pacifica, 570 

 E. superba, 202, 228, 231, 325 



