704 



INDEX 



Siphonaria, 149 

 siphonophores — 



air sac, 636 



feeding, 237 



flotation, 401 

 sipunculoids — 



feeding, 232 



haemerythrin, 187 



osmotic relations, 34 

 Sipunculus, 34, 187, 295, 443 

 S. nudus, 96, 152, 188, 284, 286 

 skate, 176 



See also Raja 

 skeletal muscle, 377 

 skeleton, 17, 629 

 slipper-limpet. See Crepidula 

 smell, 349 

 Smith, Homer, 299 

 smooth hound. See Mustehts 

 smooth muscle, 379 

 Solaster, 473 

 sole. See Solea 



Solea solea, 88, 153, 179, 242, 287, 457, 498 

 solenocyte, 296 

 Somniosus, 319 

 sorting mechanisms, 257 

 sound-perception, 339 

 sound-production, 405 

 sound waves, 339 

 Spade I la, 241 



Spatostyla sertulariarum, 612 

 special defences, 629 

 spectral sensitivity, photoreceptors, 326, 



334 

 sperm whale — 



diving, 170 



feeding, 247 



See also Physeter 

 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens, 632 

 Sphaeroma, 493, 662 

 S. serratum, 492, 493 

 S. terebrans, 661 

 Sphaerozoum acuferum, 612 

 Spheniscus mendiculus, 531 

 Spheroides, 635 

 S. maculatus, 179, 186, 287 

 Sphyraena, 241 

 spicules, molluscs, 649 

 spider crabs, 583 



commensalism, 585 



feeding, 228 

 Spinax, 317, 554, 564 

 S. niger, 555 

 spines, fishes, 635 

 spinochromes, 480 

 Spino sella, 169 



spiny dogfish. See Squalus acanthias 

 Spirastrella, 662 

 spirocysts, 373 

 Spirographs, 187, 443, 656 

 S. spallanzanii, 144, 148, 152, 165, 188, 422 

 Spirontocaris securifrons, 101 

 Spirorbis, 447, 654 



Spirula, 17, 401, 558, 650, 651 

 S. spirula, 633 

 sponges — 



boring species, 658 



collar cells, 205 



commensalism, 590, 591 



contractile responses, 376 



feeding, 205 



filtering-rates, 229 



See also Porifera 

 Spongia, 630 

 S. officinalis, 632 

 spongin, 630 



spontaneous activity, 450 

 sporocyst, 593 

 Squalus, 301, 520 

 S. acanthias, 88, 91, 104, 109, 179, 329, 



519, 633, 666 

 S. brevirostris, 31 

 Squatina, 306 

 squeteague. See Cy no scion 

 squid — 



haemocyanin, 187 



luminescence, 537, 546, 550 



symbiosis, 621 



See also Loligo 

 Squilla, 166, 405, 494 

 S. mantis, 180 

 starfish — 



behaviour, 452 



digestion, 255 



feeding, 241 



nervous system, 428 



See also Asterias, Astropecten t 

 Marthasterias 

 stargazer. See Astroscopus, Uranoscopus 

 statocyst, 322, 346, 450 

 statoreception, 322 



stellate ganglion, cephalopods, 436, 442 

 Stenopus, 388 

 Stenotomus, 182 

 S. chrysops, 163, 179, 186 

 Stephanomia, 401 

 Stephenson, T. A., 469 

 Stephopoma, 214 

 Sterna fuscata, 245 

 S. paradisea, 246 

 Sternaspis, 207 

 Sthenelais fusca, 422 

 Stichopus, 113 

 S. californicus, 101 

 stigmata, 308 

 Stilifer linckiae, 596, 597 

 sting ray, 665 



See also Dasyatis 

 Stoichactis, 458, 587 

 stomach, 256 

 Stomatoca, 237 



stomatogastric nervous system, 431 

 Stomias, 554, 557 

 stonefish. See Synanceichthys 

 streamlining, 16 

 stretch receptors, 336 



