110 



University of California PuUications. [Entomology 



deal of diversity, but these have not yet become very signif- 

 icant in venation. 



The character of the venation may be seen in Fig. 47. As 



in the preceding two fam- 

 ilies, there is no room for 

 controversy regarding the 

 homology of the veins. 

 The very close resemblance 

 between this venation and 

 that of a Tipnlid makes it 

 seem possible that this group is somewhat close to the ancestor 

 of Diptera. 



PHRYGANEID^. 



The Phryganeidae are of peculiar interest, because the vena- 

 tion of some of these insects is almost identical with that of 

 the lower Lepidoptera. They are probably nearly related to 

 the ancestor of that group, and possibly to that of the Hymen- 



FIG. 47. Diagram of the venation of Panor- 

 pidse. AU cross veins not constantly present 

 are omitted. 



> 



X 



FIG. 4S. Diagram iUustrating the venation of the 

 larger Phryganeidae. The numbers are those used by 

 McLachlin'. 



optera also. These suggestions are made the more probable, 

 because in the one case there is a series of pointed-winged 

 Phryganeidae with reduced venation, quite comparable with 

 the Tineina in the Lepidoptera, and in the other case a series 

 of hooks by means of which the wings are hooked together, 

 much as in Hymenoptera; in the latter case the venation 

 resembles that of the Hymenoptera more closely than any 

 other venation does. 



The character of the venation in this group is shown in the 

 accompanying diagrams (Figs. 48-50), on which for conven- 



