Vol. 1.] 



Woodworth . — Wing Veins of Insects. 



Ill 



ience have been placed the numbers employed by McLaohlin 

 ('74-80). The longitudinal veins compare very closely with 

 the venation in the Panorpidse, but the cross veins have been 



FIG. 49. Diagram of the venation 

 of the pointed-winged Phryganeida'. 

 The numbers are those of McLachlin. 



FIG. oO. Diagram of the venation of 

 Phryganeidse. 



A and B, Cloropsyche: C, liind wing 

 of HelicopKyche: O, veins that must be 

 suppressed to produce tlie venation of 

 Hvmenoptera ; St, area in wliicii the 

 stigma is supposed to be developed. 



reduced to a small number, which are very constant in posi- 

 tion. The homologies are very evident, and have been uni- 

 formly interpreted correctly. 



HEMIPTEROIDEA. 



Under this title Scudder ('85) has assembled a series of 

 insects belonging to the Paleozoic era wdiich have evident rela- 

 tionships with the Hemiptera of the present day. It is not at 

 all certain that some of them should not be placed at once in 

 the Hemiptera, as is done by most authors. The one possess- 

 ing the least evident similarity in venation to the Hemiptera, 

 Eugeron, possesses mouth parts that appear to resemble very 

 closely those of a true hemipterous insect. The venation of 

 this insect resembles the ordinary undifferentiated type. The 

 peculiar development of the anal area precludes the possi- 

 bility of folding, and resembles the condition in the front 

 wings of Blattida?. It is evident that the wings were capable 

 of flexion. 



The insect nearest like modern Hemiptera is PJithanocorus, 

 from the Carboniferous, known onl}'' by the front wing. This 

 shows very distinctly all the characteristics of the Heteroptera 



