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University of California Publications. [Ei^tomology 



toward the venation found in the wings of ants. The sup- 

 pression of veins in both the Pelicinidse and Forniicidse is 

 associated with large size and is, therefore, to be considered of 



FI<T. 83. Venation of ProctotrupidiP. Dot 

 ted lines show veins liable to suppression. 



FIG. 84. Diagram of the 

 venation of Ichneumonidse. 

 Dotted cross vein sometimes 

 wanting. 



a different kind from that in the smaller parasites. The 

 Evaniida? (Fig. 86) and Brachonida? (Fig. 87) both have 

 reduced venations, the latter family to an extreme degree. 



FIG. 8-5. Diagram of the venation of 

 Pelicinida;. Dotted lines indicate 

 veins sometimes absent. 



FIG. 86. Diagram of the vena- 

 tion of Evaniidse. Veins some- 

 times absent indicated by dotted 

 lines. 



The ants (Fig. 88) possess as distinct a venation as any 

 group of Hymenoptera, having no close neighbors, unless the 

 resemblance in Pelicinidse proves to be more than superficial. 



FIG. 87. Diagram of venation 

 of Brachonidw. Dotted tip of 

 vein often 'suppressed. 



FI(i. 88. Diagram of venation of Formi- 

 cidie. Dotted lines indicate veins that 

 may be wanting. 



Among the wasps, the most significant venations are seen in 

 Pemphredonida' (Fig. 89), Crabronidae (Fig. 90), and Scoliidse 

 (Fig. 91). In the higher wasps and bees the variation is only 

 slight, and consists in the suppression of one or two cross 

 veins and the ends of the longitudinals. 



