Vol. 1.] 



Woodivorth. — Wing Veins of Insects. 



187 



It will thus be seen that there is not a great deal of diversity 

 in the Hymenoptera, and that what there is consists of the 

 simplest type of reduction. 



The comparison of the front and hind wings is not very 

 difficult, on account of the many reduced front wings that 



FIG. 89. Diagram of venation 

 of Pemphredonlda>. Dotted tips 

 of veins often wanting. 



FIG. 90. Diagram of venation 

 of Crabronida\ Dotte<l veins 

 often absent. 



FIG. 91. Diagram of venation of 

 Scoliida\ Dotted tips of veins and cross 

 veins mav be absent. 



approach the normal venation of the hind wings. The com- 

 parison with other orders is a much more difficult matter. The 

 nomenclature in common use among systematists is peculiar, 



and is not claimed to indicate 

 necessarily relationships with 

 other orders. Redtenbacher 

 considers the vein V of his sys- 

 tem to be represented l)y the 

 spur shown only in the figure 

 of Tenthredinidsp. Comstock 

 applies the corresponding term 

 media to the outer portion of 

 Redtenbacher's vein VII, while I would apply the term to all 

 of Redtenbacher's vein VII and to Comstock's veins V and 

 VII. Redtenbacher does not attempt to name cross veins, but 

 Comstock identifies most 

 of the veins that have the 

 appearance of cross veins 

 as being in fact longitud- 

 inal veins, or their 

 branches, that in this 

 venation assume positions 

 distinguishing their na- 

 ture. The only ground for 

 this interpretation ap- 

 pears to have been the author's unbounded faith in a vena- 

 tion scheme that has a definite number of branches to each 

 vein. I believe he has done violence to the facts in attempt- 



FIG. 92. Venation of Apia. 



