140 



University of California Publications. [Entomology 



FIG. 95. Venation ofSesiid;e. 



as being different from a simple branch, and early received the 

 name " discoidal vein," or the more suggestive one, " independ- 

 ent," which we have chosen as a common name for all similar 

 veins. Redtenbacher called this vein and the one in front of 



it vein V. Spiiler added 

 the vein behind, making 

 three, which he denom- 

 inated vein III. Corn- 

 stock agrees in this 

 point, ))ut uses the Red- 

 tenbacher number V, 

 and also calls the vein 

 media; with this idea I 

 also concur, but sub- 

 stitute, however, the name independent for these veins. 



Just behind the first posterior vein (vein IV of Spuler, VII 

 of Redtenbacher and Comstock, the one usually called media) 

 is vein V of Spuler, or VIII of Redtenbacher, which is usually 

 represented by only a fold. I consider this an independent 

 vein. These two are the only important points on which there 

 is a difference of opinion. 



The accompanying diagram (Fig. 94) shows the extent of 

 the reductions that occur in the smallest moths, the Tineina. 

 Only one independent in both wings is constant, and in the 

 hind wings, when very 

 greatly narrowed, all 

 the veins and branches 

 niay be suppressed. The 

 variation presents no 

 unexpected features. 



Other small moths 

 are represented by the 

 diagrams of the Sesiida^ 

 (Fig. 95), Pyralidina 

 (Fig. 96), and the Tor- 

 tricida' (Fig. 97), all of 

 which are remarkably 

 uniform in contrast to 



the Tineina. The suppression of the basal portion of the inde- 

 pendents indicates that they are really quite differentiated. 

 The groups that come closest to Hepialis and Micropteryx, 



FKi.oe. Venation of the Pyralidina. Dotted 

 line is a variable vein. 



