380 University of California Puhlications [Entomology 



or somewhat oblique in position, always shorter, often greatly shorter 



than the first recurrent vein (Mj+i), and forming an angle of 180° or 



Jess with the section of the diseoidal vein caudad of the subdiscoidal 



vein (M3 caudad of m) ; the transverse median vein short and straight, 



often almost lacking, always shorter than the 1st transverse cubital 



vein (r-m jjlus Es). In the hind wings there is usually no trace of the 



diseoidal vein (m and Mj), but in Gayella it is a fully formed vein, 



inserted far apicad of the transverse median vein (M3) ; apical section 



of the anal vein always present, usually only as a trace; numerous 



costal hooks (20 or more) usually present. 



C. In the hind wings apparently no trace of the diseoidal vein (m and 



M2) is present, and only trace of the apical sections of the radial, 



cubital, and anal veins^ (R,,, E4+5, 1st A). Mouth parts (except in 



Faragiini) specialized, with a retractile ligula which is often greatly 



elongate, and showing progressive reduction in the number of palpal 



segments ...Masaridinae. 



CC. In the hind wings the diseoidal vein (m and M.) is present and fully 

 formed, arising from cubitus far apicad of the submedian vein. 

 Mouth parts primitive, the ligula not elongate, the labial palpi 4- 

 segmented and the maxillary palpi 6-segmented (figs. 4, 97 ) 



Gayellinae. 



AA. Transverse median vein of the hind wings (M;;) angled for the reception 

 of the base of the diseoidal vein (m) which is almost invariably a fully 

 formed vein, or at least a distinct indication of the diseoidal vein and the 

 apical section of radius, cubitus, and the anal vein (R:,, E4+5 + M,, m and 

 Mj, 1st A) in the hind wings and these very generally all well formed 

 veins. Forewings with 3 submarginal cells; the second diseoidal cell (M.,) 

 ordinarily wedge-shaped, pointed at the base and broadly truncate at apex. 

 It varies somewhat from this condition but not greatly, being always 

 strongly narrowed at base; wdiile the apex may be somewhat sinuate, it 

 is never greatly extended toward the wing apex; anal lobe of the hind 

 wing9 very short and circular, oval or wanting. 

 B. Forewings with the second and third submarginal cells each receiving a 

 recurrent vein (vein M^ arising opposite the cell R4, and vein M3+4 



rising opposite the cell E,) Raphiglossinae. 



BB. Forewings with the second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent 



veins (veins Mo and M3+4 both arising opposite the cell R,). 



C. Posterior lobe of the hind wings present; preaxillary excision, if 



present, a mere undulation or shallow notch; the apical section of 



the anal vein not strongly curved caudad, the hind wing not sub- 



petiolate (fig. 98) Zethinae. 



Eumeninae, Stenogastrinae, Epiponinae, Rhopalidiinae, Polistinae. 

 CC. Anal lobe of the hind wing wanting; preaxillary excision^ present, 

 deep, the apical section of the anal vein strongly curved caudad; 

 the hind wings subpetiolate, by reason of contraction of the anal 

 area (fig. 99) Vespinae. 



4 The preaxillary excision is a notch at the apex of the 1st anal vein of the 

 hind wing; it is not the notch that cuts off the anal or posterior lobe, when 

 present. Its significance is discussed in a forthcoming paper by the present 

 writer on the wings of Hymenoptera. 



