150 MR. CAER ON COMPOSITE NAMES OF PLACES, 



Names ending in keld, as Salkeld, are found extensively among 

 the other traces of the Northmen, in Cumberland. In Northum- 

 berland we have Akeld, the first syllable of which has been 

 deduced from the Anglo-Saxon ce, always. But such an adverbial 

 element is not in the genius of the Anglo-Saxon idiom. We 

 ought, rather, to look to tlie adjective oice, perpetual, or to the 

 noun dc, an oak. On the former supposition the name would 

 signify unfailing spring; on the latter, it would be synonymous 

 with Oakwell. 



Yv^'ell, or welle, is Anglo-Saxon, and is extensively used in the 

 formation of names of localities, as Holiwell, lialiwell, Fulwell; 

 all of w]iich, perhaps, indicate an ancient baptismal use of the 

 spring (fulwian, to baptise,) Cresswell, Oakwell. 



Even this simple and obvious and pleasing termination has 

 been vitiated by the unthinking and perverse. What etymology 

 can be imagined clearer and plainer than that of Caldwell? and 

 who would suppose that by a more stroke of the pen the cool 

 refreshing spring has been converted into Caudle, and so printed 

 for the benefit of those who prefer the warmer beverage? 



Pool, pow, Anglo-Saxon p '1: in T.-iverpool, Heathpool. In the 

 eastern parts of Scotland a i'>nw signifies a slow-running brook, a 

 term which formerly was in use in Northumberland, as may be 

 observed in the name of Pow-burn, in the parish of Whittinge- 

 ham. 



Ridh, or Hiding, Anglo-Saxon, a runnel, rivulet, a trench, or 

 water-cut, in Low-German riet. 



I insert this word from Lye and Boswell, because it may possibly 

 be found to be the source of a remarkable term, used in the com- 

 position of some North-country and Border names, which has not 

 been satisfactorily explained, namely, riding in Nun-riding, 

 Hard-riding, Biding Mill, Kitridding, Olenridding, and some 

 others. Compare the German termination reuth in Baireuth and 

 other similar compounds. 



Lade, A.S. a lode or water -cut. In Weetslad or Weetslet, near 

 Seaton-burn; Somerlad, in Yorkshire (iiom. Domesday Book,) and 

 some few others. 



Burn, burne, bourne : Anglo-Saxon burne, fem., a streamlet. 



