158 MR. CARR ON COMPOSITE NAMES OF PLACES, 



gatio; to the Latin turba, and the Greek ©o^y^^o?; and that its 

 import was a gathering together or throng, whether of men or of 

 dwellings. From the Danish and Swedish ^orp are derived the 

 many terminations in tro2J, truj), and riqy, which are observable 

 in the maps of the Scandinavian territories. 



Many English village-names have been formed bj the combina- 

 tion of thorp with the personal name of an early settler or 

 possessor, as the following from Domesday Booh: — Ardwalfesthorp, 

 Durandesthorp, Fulcarsthorp, Ragheneltorp (Rennelthorp), Si- 

 wardrop, Janulfestorp, Oglestorp. 



— worth, — worthy, the latter found in southern counties : 

 A.S. weorthig, worthig, wurthig, worth, (genit. es,) signifying a 

 field, portion of land, an estate, also a street, a public way. This 

 termination meets the ear and eye everywhere in Yorkshire and 

 the Midland Counties. It is more rare in Northumberland, not 

 unfrequent in Durham. Killingworth, Warkworth, Kavensworth. 



This term must not be confounded with one at first sight similar, 

 which occurs in Germany, along the course of the great rivers, 

 namely, wertli, signifying island, holm, or river beach. The 

 corresponding Anglo -Saxon word to this is waroth, iveartli, the 

 sea-shore, but which I have not yet met with as an element in 

 the formation of names of sites in this country. 



— by : Old-Norse byr, a dwelling, a village. As a termination 

 it is diffused everywhere in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Cumberland, 

 and other districts where the Danes were strongly established, 

 or which they oftenest overran. North of the river Tyne it is 

 more rare. It was easily adopted by the Anglo-Saxons, who 

 possessed the verb buan, or byan, to inhabit, or to cultivate, and 

 in some instances this ending may have been purely of Anglo- 

 Saxon origin. 



We find it, however, too often appended to Danish personal or 

 family names to allow us to doubt that its general character is 

 Scaudinavian. The following instances are from Domesday Booh, 

 treating of Yorkshire :— Turgilby (Thorkilby,) Toresbi (Thorsby,) 

 Ormesbi, Turoldsbi, Denebi, Asebi, Englebi now Ingleby. 



Those who remember the old north road will recollect a hand- 

 post in the North Riding, directing the stranger to Osmotherley. 



